Worldwide Next-Generation Batteries

Next-Generation Li-ion Chemistries, Advanced Zinc and Nickel Batteries, Thin-Film and Printed Batteries, and Emerging Alternative Power Sources

Publication Date	January 2009
Publisher	Fuji-Keizai
Product Type	Report
Pages	98
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	FUJ00066

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Summary

Research Objectives

Batteries are a $63 billion global industry. Where consumers have gotten used to having more capability and more power at their fingertips, batteries are and will be the preferred energy storage solution for a long time to come. Manufacturers of all types of commercial products - from microchips to cell phones, lawnmowers to automobiles, medical implants to cordless power tools - would benefit from battery technology with better performance that is lighter, smaller, cheaper, safer and greener. Battery manufacturers are developing new generations of batteries, in various form factors, for existing and emerging markets:

Batteries with more energy in smaller packages: flexible and lightweight thin-film and/or screen-printed batteries for tiny electronic systems and emerging micropower energy-harvesting devices, where macro trends and market trends are converging around ecosensititives and low-power devices.
Larger-format but lighter-weight rechargeable batteries with greater power, higher energy, longer runtimes and better safety profiles: for the transportation industry and advancing the market for plug-in hybrid and all-electric vehicles.
Ultra-large advanced batteries for storing energy from renewable, sustainable sources: for electric utility grid services and clean-energy generators like wind turbines and solar panels.
Alternative, hybrid energy storage devices with attributes of both a battery and either an ultracapacitor or a fuel cell: potentially ground-breaking future energy storage devices that may be superior to any batteries commonly used today.

Commercial companies, start-ups and universities are all working on new battery designs that rely on new materials and new chemistries. Some of their technologies are available to OEMs and product designers already. Others are struggling to move into the production phase and may see their plans delayed by the global recession. Some may never succeed as mainstream products at all. The sheer number of companies and R&D centers active in battery development, and their varied approaches, are an indication, however, that this is a competitive market with potentially lucrative opportunities for battery makers in years to come.

This report's primary focus is technologically advanced secondary (rechargeable) batteries in both large and small format. The report covers advanced technologies as replacements for NiCd and NiMH, especially advanced lithium-ion batteries that make use of new electrode materials and electrolytes. It also covers printable batteries and thin-film battery stacks as enablers of micropower applications, and hybrid battery/fuel cell systems that are emerging as complements to consumer electronics batteries. Tables and charts are used to give a big picture of the future growth potential for advanced battery technologies based on the leading markets (applications). The report includes profiles of 25 commercial (a few of them public) and development-stage companies and their products and business strategies. Another 12 commercial and/or university-based R&D centers are covered.

Findings and forecasts are based on a mix of primary and secondary research sources. Fuji-Keizai USA conducted first-person telephone interviews with select U.S.-based battery manufacturers. We focused on companies with 1) innovative technology, 2) commercial potential as measured by relationships with customers or partners, and 3) venture capital interest. We further surveyed publicly available documents and white papers of battery companies, third-party investor reports, academic research literature and technical documents from the U.S. Department of Energy to assess state-of-the-art technical challenges and goals.

Definition and Characteristics of Next-Generation Batteries

Next-generation batteries are technologies that have higher power density and higher energy density, are safer, and can be put in new form factors - with the expectation that they can also be put into mass production targeting lower costs.

Ideal characteristics are:

Smaller form factor (the amount of space in a device reserved for batteries)
Low weight
More customizable shapes (flexibility)
Longer cycle life (10,000 to 15,000 charges vs. < 1,000 for existing batteries)
Shorter recharge times (e.g., recharging to almost full capacity in just minutes)
Composed of novel electrode materials, including nanomaterials
Improved tolerance for extreme high and low temperatures
Operationally safe
Environmental friendly (i.e., nontoxic)
Targeted to high-value and/or high-growth markets and applications
Eventual reduced cost (e.g., potentially one-tenth the cost of today's NiMH or Li-ion batteries)

Content

1. Battery Market Overview
- 1.1 Battery Industry Structure
- 1.2 Battery Industry Supply Chain
- 1.3 Microbattery and Large-Format Battery Suppliers
- 1.4 Venture Capital and Future Funding Outlook
  - 1.4.1 U.S. Battery Alliance: Collaborative Industry Approach with Support from Government
2. Technology Overview
- 2.1 Ongoing Diversity of Lithium Batteries
  - 2.1.1 Solid-State Lithium Polymer (LiPo) Electrolyte Technology
  - 2.1.2 Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (LiPON): Thin-Film Microbatteries
- 2.2 Next-Generation Li-ion
  - 2.2.1 Lithium Iron Phosphate
  - 2.2.2 Lithium Titanate
  - 2.2.3 Li-ion + Nanotechnology
- 2.3 Lithium Challengers: Nickel-based Batteries
  - 2.3.1 NiMH
  - 2.3.2 Nickel Zinc
- 2.4 Lithium Challenger: Zinc Power
  - 2.3.4 Silver Zinc
  - 2.4.3 Zinc Air
- 2.5 Printed Batteries
- 2.6 Alternative Energy-Storage Technologies
  - 2.6.1 Ultracapacitors
  - 2.6.2 Fuel Cells
3. Application Overview
- 3.1 Common Applications
  - 3.1.1 Consumer Electronics: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
  - 3.1.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2008-2012 Global Forecast
- 3.2 Special Applications (Industrial, Commercial, Professional)
  - 3.2.1 Low-Power Wireless Devices: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
    - 3.2.1.1 Future (Emerging) Applications for Microbatteries
  - 3.2.2 Cordless Power Tools: 2008-2012 Global Battery Market Size
  - 3.2.3 Stationary Power: 2008 Global Battery Market Size, by Region
- 3.3 Emerging Application: On-Grid Storage (Large-Scale Stationary)
  - 3.3.1 Solar Energy: 2008-2012 Global Annual Installation Capacity (megawatts)
  - 3.3.2. Competitive Technologies for Short-Term Renewable Energy Storage and Grid Frequency Stabilization
4. Maker/Developer, Start-Up & University/R&D Center Market Map
5. Market Forecast 2008-2016
- 5.1 Big Picture: Global Battery Market: 2008 vs. 2016
- 5.2 Total Battery Market Forecast, by Product Segment
  - 5.2.1 Primary Lithium, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
  - 5.2.2 Li-ion Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
  - 5.2.3 Microbatteries, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
  - 5.2.4 NG Li-ion and Competitors, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
  - 5.2.5 Hybrid Systems for Consumer Electronics Power, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
6. Market Share
- 6.1 Market Share, by Major Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
- 6.2 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
- 6.3 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
- 6.4 Market Share, Thin-Film and Printed Batteries/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
7. Ongoing R&D and Development Trends, by Product Segment
- 7.1 Lithium-based Batteries
  - 7.1.1 Materials R&D
  - 7.1.2 Large-Format Li-ion
  - 7.1.3 Future: Lithium Air and Lithium Organic
- 7.2 Microbatteries
- 7.3 Nickel Batteries
- 7.4 Zinc Batteries
- 7.5 Other R&D
8. Market Drivers and Inhibitors
- 8.1 Fragile Economy
- 8.2 Environmental, Legislation and Regulatory Drivers
- 8.3 Applications Drivers
- 8.4 Technology and Advanced Materials Drivers
- 8.5 Cost-Related Drivers and Inhibitors
  - 8.5.1 Materials Cost and Processing
  - 8.5.2 Large-Format Batteries: Cost and Infrastructure Barriers
  - 8.5.3 Microbatteries
9. Key Findings
- 9.1 Applications as the Driving Force
- 9.2 Timeline for Market Development: 2008-2016
- 9.3 Post-Li-ion
10. Commercial Companies
- 10.1 A123 Systems
- 10.2 Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc.
- 10.3 AlwaysReady, Inc. / mPhase Technologies
- 10.4 Blue Spark Technologies (formerly Thin Battery Technologies, Inc.)
- 10.5. Boston-Power, Inc.
- 10.6 Cymbet Corporation
- 10.7 Electrovaya, Inc.
- 10.8 Enable IPC Corp. (EIPC)
- 10.9 EnerDel (subsidiary of Ener1, Inc.)
- 10.10 Excellatron Solid State LLC
- 10.11 Imara Corp.
- 10.12 Infinite Power Solutions (IPS)
- 10.13 Lilliputian Systems, Inc.
- 10.14 Lithium Technology Corporation (LTC)
- 10.15 Nanoexa Corporation
- 10.16 Planar Energy Devices, Inc.
- 10.17 Power Air Corp. (PAC)
- 10.18 PowerGenix Corporation
- 10.19 Power Paper, Ltd.
- 10.20. Quallion LLC
- 10.21 SAFT Group
- 10.22 Solicore, Inc.
- 10.23 Ultralife Batteries, Inc.
- 10.24 Valence Technology, Inc.
- 10.25 ZPower, Inc. (formerly Zinc Matrix Power)
11. Universities or R&D Centers
- 11.1 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Organosilicon Research Center
- 11.2 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
- 11.3 Stanford University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- 11.4 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)
- 11.5 University of TexasAustin (UTA), Material Science and Engineering Lab
- 11.6 Physical Science, Inc. (PSI)
- 11.7 MIT Materials Science and Engineering
- 11.8 University of Rochester
- 11.9 University of Massachusetts-Boston
- 11.10 Laboratoire de Ractivit et Chimie des Solides (Laboratory of Reactivity and Chemistry of Solids)
- 11.11 Ohio State University (OSU)
- 11.12 CFD Research Corporation
List of Figures
- Figure 1.1 Worldwide Energy Storage Market Size, 2008 ($M)
- Figure 1.2 Worldwide Rechargeable Battery Manufacturing Concentration, by Region
- Figure 1.3 VC Funding for Battery Start-ups (2002-2008)
- Figure 2.1 Typical Thin-Film Battery Structure
- Figure 2.2 Zinc-air batteries are a type of fuel cell.
- Figure 3.1 Consumer Electronics: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
- Figure 3.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 2008-2012 Global Forecast
- Figure 3.3 Low-Power Wireless Devices: 2008-2012 Global Forecast, by Product
- Figure 3.4 Microbatteries Complement Energy Harvesting.
- Figure 3.5 Cordless Power Tools: 2008-2012 Global Battery Market Size
- Figure 3.6 Stationary Power: 2008 Global Battery Market Size, by Region
- Figure 3.7 Solar Energy: 2008-2012 Global Annual Installation Capacity (megawatts)
- Figure 5.1 Primary Lithium, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
- Figure 5.2 Li-ion Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
- Figure 5.3 Microbatteries, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
- Figure 5.4 NG Li-ion and Competitors, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016
- Figure 5.5 Hybrid Systems for Consumer Electronics Power, Global Market Forecast: 2008-2016 (Approx. $M)
- Figure 6.1 Market Share, by Major Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
- Figure 6.2 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Product Segment: 2008 vs. 2016
- Figure 6.3 Market Share, Rechargeable Battery Technology/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
- Figure 6.4 Market Share, Thin-Film and Printed Batteries/Application Segments: 2008 vs. 2016
- Figure 7.1. Potential Future Li-ion Battery Structure
List of Tables
- Table 1.1 Public Companies in the Energy Storage Market
- Table 1.2 Key Battery Industry Participants
- Table 1.3 Global Race for Automotive-Class Li-ion Batteries: Developers and Competing Chemistries
- Table 1.4 Top VC Deals in Energy Storage (2008)
- Table 2.1 Established and Emerging Lithium Battery Chemistries
- Table 2.2 Characteristics of Li-Phosphate and Li-Titanate Electrodes
- Table 2.3 Surveyed Companies and R&D Centers with Nano-engineered Battery Development
- Table 5.1 Big Picture: Global Battery Market: 2008 vs. 2016
- Table 5.2 Total Battery Market Forecast, by Product Segment
- Table 7.1. Advanced Materials for Next-Generation Li-ion
- Table 7.2. Battery Performance Requirements for Mobile vs. Transportation vs. Grid
- Table 7.3. Li-air and Li-based organic batteries: promises and R&D challenges
- Table 7.4. Potential (Future) Alternatives to Li-ion Under Consideration