E-Paper Displays

Markets, Forecasts, Technologies 2010-2020

Publication Date	September 2009
Publisher	IDTechEx
Product Type	Report
Pages	132
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	ITE00033

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Summary

A variety of technologies relevant to electronic paper applications that are currently being developed, which allow for completely new products or the introduction of electronic functionality in products where it was previously unavailable. This new report from IDTechEx covers the relevant technologies, such as electrophoretic, electrochromic & electrowetting displays, cholesteric LCDs and other bistable technologies. Discover the main developers of these technologies and a detailed breakdown of the market by technology or application, with forecasts to 2019.

The commercial success of the Amazon Kindle and the lesser yet still quite substantial uptake of e-book readers such as the iRex iLIad or the SONY PRS family have sparked up a large interest in electronic paper technologies.
Electronic paper is a display technology designed to mimic the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. Unlike conventional flat panel displays, it doesn’t require a backlight to illuminate its pixels as it reflects light like paper does and can hold text and images indefinitely without drawing power.

Out of the technologies that could be suitable for electronic paper applications, electrophoretic displays are seeing the strongest growth. Although currently not available in full colour (but available in grayscale), electrophoretic displays found the perfect application in the development of e-book readers as, books are also black and white. Other technologies are also being used in the development of e-book readers and are covered in this report, like the FUJITSU color reader that utilizes cholesteric LCD technology by KENT displays.

Electrochromic or electrowetting displays, although not yet utilized are possible candidates for applications that will be commercialized in the near future. Several other products that are either already available or in the process of becoming available are using technologies such as those by TRED or Nemoptic. The companies that develop them are playing on the strengths of these technologies and hence focus on different applications. These would range from small size such as smart card displays and point of purchase labels to larger size ones such as billboards, posters and signage, train station displays etc.

How much more will the eBook reader market grow? When will eBook readers be available in full colour and when will the flexible versions reach the market? Which technologies will gain the biggest market share and which products will become popular with consumers in the next few years? Find out all about the projected market growth and overall penetration of electronic paper technologies in this new report.

Content

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

2. INTRODUCTION
2.1. Scope
2.2. How e-paper displays are being applied
2.3. Flexible is a big market
2.4. Color, switching speed
2.5. E-Books
2.6. Cellphones, music players
2.7. Smart card displays
2.8. Electronic apparel
2.9. Posters/signage
2.9.1. Clear Channel
2.10. Smart packaging/brand enhancement
2.10.2. Duracell
2.10.3. Cloetta bisquit/ACREO winking sign
2.10.4. VTT Technology beer package game
2.11. E-paper displays have the largest market share for all flexible displays

3. ELECTROPHORETIC DISPLAYS
3.1. E Ink
3.1.1. Technology
3.1.2. Products
3.2. Sipix: Microcup® electrophoretic display
3.2.1. Technology
3.2.2. AUO and Sipix
3.3. Bridgestone: Quick Response Liquid Powder Display™

4. ELECTROWETTING DISPLAYS
4.2. Liquavista
4.2.1. Technology
4.3. ITRI, Taiwan and PVI, Taiwan
4.4. adt, Germany

5. OTHER BISTABLE DISPLAYS
5.1. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
5.2. Kent Displays
5.3. TRED
5.3.1. Technology
5.4. Nemoptic
5.4.1. Technology
5.5. Products

6. ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAYS
6.2. Ntera
6.3. Acreo
6.3.1. Electrochemical displays on paper
6.4. Aveso
6.5. Ajjer

7. DISPLAY MAKERS
7.1. Prime View International (PVI)
7.1.1. Technology
7.1.2. Flexible e-paper displays using EPLaR
7.2. Plastic Logic
7.3. LG
7.4. i-Rex
7.5. Samsung
7.6. Seiko Epson
7.7. NEC
7.8. Polymer Vision
7.8.2. Technology
7.8.3. What went wrong

8. OTHER RELATED FLEXIBLE DISPLAY COMPONENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS
8.1. Electrofluidic Displays: Gamma-Dynamics
8.2. Thermochromic displays
8.3. Optical shutter film: Citala, USA
8.4. Adhesives, Delo Germany

9. E-READERS
9.1. Content availability
9.2. Amazon Kindle and Kindle
9.2.2. Amazon Kindle DX
9.2.3. FUJITSU FLEPia
9.3. Iliad & Digital Reader
9.4. SONY Readers
9.5. Brother Industries, Japan
9.6. TXTR
9.7. Hanvon

10. FORECASTS
10.1. Forecasts by technology
10.1.1. Forecasts for color versus non color 2009-2020
10.1.2. Electrophoretic displays market forecasts 2009-2020
10.1.3. Electrochromic displays market forecasts 2009-2020
10.1.4. Forecasts by application
10.2. Costing

APPENDIX 1: LIST OF E READERS, PAST AND PRESENT

Tables Page
Table 1.1 Market forecasts by technology, 2009-2020
Table 1.2 Market forecasts by application, 2009-2020
Table 2.1 Main factors driving the rapid growth of electronic smart packaging
Table 10.1 Market forecasts by technology, 2009-2020
Table 10.2 Market Forecasts for electronic paper and the market share for color electronic paper, 2009-2020
Table 10.3 Electrophoretic displays market forecasts 2009-2020
Table 10.4 Electrochromic displays market forecasts 2009-2020
Table 10.5 Market forecasts by application, 2009-2020

Figures Page

Figures Page
Fig. 1.1 Market forecasts by technology, 2009-2020
Fig. 1.2 Market forecasts by application, 2009-2019
Fig. 2.1 Printed Electronics Applications
Fig. 2.2 Flexible devices offer advantages in terms of consumer satisfaction
Fig. 2.3 Samsung Alias™ 2
Fig. 2.4 Reprogrammable electrophoretic decoration on Hitachi mobile phones only needs power when being changed
Fig. 2.5 T-equaliser animated t-shirt
Fig. 2.6 An example of the display on a billboard picture in use in London
Fig. 2.7 Duracell batteries/Avery Dennison tester
Fig. 2.8 Cloetta
Fig. 2.9 VTT Technology beer package game
Fig. 3.1 Electronic ink microcapsules
Fig. 3.2 EPD pixel appearance
Fig. 3.3 Retail Shelf Edge Labels from UPM
Fig. 3.4 Secondary display on a cell phone
Fig. 3.5 Samsung Alias™ 2
Fig. 3.6 SEIKO E-Ink watch
Fig. 3.7 Lexar portable USB flash drive
Fig. 3.8 World's first display on a magazine cover
Fig. 3.9 Microcup® Structure
Fig. 3.10 Sipix Roll-to-Roll micro embossing process
Fig. 3.11 Embosser mold and embossed microcups
Fig. 3.12 Structure of Sipix e-paper
Fig. 3.13 Electrophoretic display on a commercially sold financial card
Fig. 3.14 SD card from A Data with a Sipix display
Fig. 3.15 Sipix Clock
Fig. 3.16 Schematic of the features of Electronic Liquid Powder™
Fig. 3.17 Bridgestone e-paper price tag
Fig. 3.18 Bridgestone fully bendable electronic paper
Fig. 3.19 Relationship between radius of curvature and reflectivity in the states of black and white in flexible QR-ELP™
Fig. 3.20 Roll to roll processing steps for Bridgestone’s e-paper display
Fig. 3.21 Flexible Full Color QR-LPD
Fig. 4.1 Example of a droplet contracting and relaxing
Fig. 4.2 Water droplets on hydrophobic surface (a) without and (b) with voltage applied
Fig. 4.3 Electrowetting display principle
Fig. 4.4 Comparison of power consumption for a variety of video displays
Fig. 4.5 The concept of the “future of electronic paper” according to Liquavista
Fig. 4.6 Excellent viewing angles in TFT backplanes and backlights
Fig. 4.7 Flow chart of the manufacture process
Fig. 4.8 adt electrowetting displays
Fig. 4.9 EnOcean wireless switch
Fig. 5.1 Color LCD by photo alignment
Fig. 5.2 Color printable flexible LCD
Fig. 5.3 KENT Displays’ Reflex™ LCD
Fig. 5.4 TRED's EMD² technology
Fig. 5.5 Principle of operation for Nemoptic's BiNem® technology
Fig. 5.6 A4 e-paper display
Fig. 6.1 Electrochromic display on a Valentine’s card sold by Marks and Spencer in the UK in 2004 and electrochromic display with drive circuits in a laminate for smart cards..
Fig. 6.2 Ntera Display
Fig. 6.3 The dollhouse. When energy is added to the system the color of the wallpaper changes and a picture appears on the wall
Fig. 6.4 Two state electrolytic display on paper
Fig. 6.5 Seven segment display printed with bi-stable inks
Fig. 6.6 Aveso electrochromic display
Fig. 7.1 Glass e-book backplane
Fig. 7.2 Field shielded pixels
Fig. 7.3 TFT design
Fig. 7.4 Glass e-Book module making
Fig. 7.5 THE EPLaR process
Fig. 7.6 TFT DC stability
Fig. 7.7 Mobilities on glass, EPLaR before release & EPLaR after release
Fig. 7.8 9.7’’ and 6’’ flexible e-paper displays by PVI
Fig. 7.9 Photograph of a 9.7"" EPLaR display
Fig. 7.10 The Plastic Logic e-reader
Fig. 7.11 A4 size Flexible Color e-paper
Fig. 7.12 Cross section of LG’s e-paper display
Fig. 7.13 Seiko Epson e-reader
Fig. 7.14 A3 and A4 e-paper displays
Fig. 7.15 The Readius® by Polymer Vision
Fig. 7.16 A Polymer Vision display
Fig. 7.17 Display Processing Steps
Fig. 8.1 Comparison of electrophoretic/electrofluidic display performance in color and grayscale
Fig. 8.2 Duracell battery tester
Fig. 8.3 Interactive game on a beer package by VTT Technologies in Finland
Fig. 8.4 Edge encapsulation of an electrophoretic display with adhesive (blue). The DELO adhesive can be cured through the UV-blocked barrier layer (glass, PET, PEN, etc.) by means of visible light.
Fig. 8.5 Selection of different development products
Fig. 8.6 Example for the flexibility of a cured adhesive film with a thickness of 150?m (no substrate, just adhesive). 84
Fig. 9.1 Kindle and Kindle 2
Fig. 9.2 Kindle DX
Fig. 9.3 Effect of 16 level grayscale and smoothing algorithm on text display
Fig. 9.4 The Fujitsu FLEPia
Fig. 9.5 Digital Reader and Iliad by iRex Technologies
Fig. 9.6 The device uses an ink display and incorporates a touch screen
Fig. 9.7 The SONY LIBRIé
Fig. 9.8 Brother Industries large area e-reader
Fig. 9.9 The txtr reader is based on E-Ink technology
Fig. 9.10 Hanvon Technology claims the world's first 5"" Electronic Book series,
Fig. 10.1 Market forecasts by technology, 2009-2020
Fig. 10.2 Market Forecasts for electronic paper and the market share for full color electronic paper, 2009-2020
Fig. 10.3 Market forecasts by application, 2009-2020
Fig. 10.4 Component cost breakdown for the Amazon Kindle 2