Healthcare Robots Assessment

Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot Market Shares, Market Strategies, and Market Forecasts, 2008-2014

Publication Date	March 2008
Publisher	Wintergreen Research
Product Type	Report
Pages	316
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	WIN00030

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Summary

During a robot assisted surgical procedure, the patient-side cart is positioned next to the operating table with the electromechanical arms arranged to provide access to the initial ports selected by the surgeon. Metal tubes attached to the arms are inserted through the ports, and the cutting and visualization instruments are introduced through the tubes into the patient's body.

Next generation intuitive surgery is implemented with robotic devices. The robotic surgical systems are designed to provide the surgeon with the intuitive control, range of motion, fine tissue manipulation capability, and 3-D vision characteristic of open surgery. Systems work by simultaneously allowing the surgeon to work through the small ports of MIS. All this is accomplished in an intuitive manner, in the same way that the movements of a surgeon's hands in open surgery are entirely intuitive.

The surgeon performs the procedure while sitting at a console, manipulating the instrument controls and viewing the operation through a vision system. When a surgeon needs to change an instrument the instrument is withdrawn from the surgical field using the controls at the console. This is done many times during an operation.

People are making existing MIS procedures easier, safer and more cost-effective than the alternative methods. The strategy is to broaden the number of procedures performed using a robotic surgical system and to educate surgeons, hospitals and patients as to the benefits of robotic surgery. Key elements of strategy include a focus on key procedures. Procedure marketing efforts are primarily focused within four surgical specialties: urologic surgery, gynecologic surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, and general surgery.

Systems pose a challenge to be relevant and individualized to the special needs of each user. Social behavior plays a fundamental role in assisting all people, including people with special needs. The robot's physical embodiment, its physical presence and appearance, and its shared context with the user, are fundamental for creating a time-extended engaging relationship with the user.

An adaptive, reliable and user-friendly hands-off robot needs to provide an engaging and motivating customized therapy protocol to participants in school, clinic, and ultimately, home environments.

It needs to establish a very complex and complete human-robot relationship. Robots must be endowed with human-oriented interaction skills and capabilities, exhibit context and user-appropriate social behavior, and focus attention and communication on the user in order to help the user achieve specific goals. Different systems developed in lab research that integrates social elements and systems to form therapeutic programs that monitor, encourage, and assist users.

Stroke rehabilitation has traditionally relied on simple training equipment dedicated for a particular purpose. The advance of computing and robotics techniques provides a chance to improve on several aspects of stroke rehabilitation. Computer control can allow therapies to be customized to the individual need. Systems can be designed to be available when ever needed by the patient.

It may be possible to provide home based systems that can continue to give regular therapy sessions once the patient is discharged from hospitals. Providing intelligent therapy assistance means that there may be a chance to make objective recordings of the therapy session for subsequent analysis. In this process the traditional task of the neuro-rehabilitation specialists changes to mimic the advances brought by video analysis of games typical of professional sporting teams (particularly the teams that win).

The iRobot ConnectR is a way to stay connected to family and friends even when apart. ConnectR is used in pilot programs initially. ConnectR robots are available directly from iRobot as part of a pilot program. ConnectR Pilot Program costs are $199, afterward the product sells for $500. These markets will grow slowly, security applications are most likely to represent early adopter users.

Worldwide robotically-assisted surgery systems equipment shipment markets are set to have rapid growth. Markets at $626.5 million in 2007 are anticipated to reach $1 billion in 2008 and are forecast to go to $14 billion by 2014. Growth comes because the technology is mature and the technology works. It took a long, long time for the markets to evolve, but now the MIS surgeries are accurate and less invasive that alternative surgical methods, creating market opportunity.

A plethora of healthcare robotics markets are emerging including remote presence, security, visiting robots, services robots, and pharmaceutical robots. Robots are different from stationary devices because they have a microprocessor which can be programmed and they can move around. They have sensors.

Content

Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot
Executive Summary
Surgical, Healthcare, Assistive, and Campus Robot Executive Summary Es-1
Healthcare Robot Market Driving Forces Es-1
Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Es-1
Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Shares Es-3
Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Forecasts Es-5
Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot
Market Description and Market Dynamics
1. Surgical, Healthcare, Assistive, and Campus Robots Market Description and Market Dynamics
- 1.1 Robotic Surgical System
  - 1.1.1 Market Strategy for the Robotic Surgical System
  - 1.1.2 Focus on Key Institutions
- 1.2 Focus on Leading Surgeons to Drive Rapid and Broad Adoption
  - 1.2.1 Maintain Market Leadership
  - 1.2.2 Develop Industry Alliances
  - 1.2.3 Increasing Patient Awareness
- 1.3 Clinical Applications for Technology
- 1.4 Elder Assistance Robot Market Strategy
- 1.5 Medical / Surgical Delivery Robots
- 1.6 Assistive Technology
- 1.7 Rehabilitation Robots
- 1.8 Neuroscience Unveiling The Basic Mechanisms of Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity
  - 1.8.1 Neuro-Developmental Engineering
  - 1.8.2 Intelligent Rehabilitation
  - 1.8.3 Bilateral and Unilateral ADL-focused Robot Therapies
  - 1.8.4 Robotic Rehabilitation Assistive Technology
  - 1.8.5 Robots, Aged Care, and Emotional Bonding with Machines
  - 1.8.6 InTouch Health Remote Presence
  - 1.8.7 InTouch Platforms Integrate Seamlessly with da Vinci Systems
  - 1.8.8 in Touch Health Remote Presence RP-7s Robot Doctors
- 1.9 Educational Robots for Children in Hospitals
- 1.10 Hospital Robots
- 1.11 Mechanized Couriers
  - 1.11.1 Man vs. Machine: Robots at Japanese Hospital
Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot Market Shares and Market Forecasts
2. Surgical, Healthcare, Assistive, and Campus Robot Market Shares and Forecasts
- 2.1 Healthcare Robot Market Driving Forces
  - 2.1.1 Robotics Market Driving Forces
  - 2.1.2 Healthcare Robotics Enabling Technology
- 2.2 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery
  - 2.2.1 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Driving Forces
  - 2.2.2 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Shares
  - 2.2.3 next Generation Surgery- Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Surgery
  - 2.2.4 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Shares
  - 2.2.5 Intuitive Surgical da Vinci
  - 2.2.6 Intuitive Surgical Product Revenue
  - 2.2.7 Intuitive Surgical Service and Training Revenue
  - 2.2.8 Intuitive Instrument Movements
  - 2.2.9 Prosurgics
  - 2.2.10 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Forecasts
  - 2.2.11 Prosurgics Robots Support Skilled Surgeons
  - 2.2.12 Prosurgics Surgical Robotics Return on Investment (ROI)
  - 2.2.13 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Forecasts
  - 2.2.14 Accuray, Hansen Medical, and Stereotaxis
  - 2.2.15 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Forecasts
- 2.3 Pharmaceutical Robots
  - 2.3.1 Pharmaceutical Robots Market Shares
  - 2.3.2 McKesson ROBOT-Rx
  - 2.3.3 Cardinal Healthcare / Pyxis / HelpMate
  - 2.3.4 AmerisourceBergen Automed
  - 2.3.5 Talyst
  - 2.3.6 Swisslog
  - 2.3.7 Pharmaceutical Robots Market Forecasts
  - 2.3.8 Growth of The Pharmaceutical Industry
  - 2.3.9 Pharmaceutical Supply Channel Changes
  - 2.3.10 Pharmaceutical Legislative Developments
  - 2.3.11 Expiration of Patents for Brand Name Pharmaceuticals
  - 2.3.12 US Hospital Profile
- 2.4 Physician Remote Presence Robots
  - 2.4.1 Physician Remote Presence Robot Forecasts
  - 2.4.2 Remote Presence Technology Reduction in ICU Cost - Provide Positive ROI
  - 2.4.3 Robotic Tele-rounding Substantially Reduces Length of Stay Providing Positive ROI
  - 2.4.4 Number of Surgeries
  - 2.4.5 Physician Remote Presence Robot Market Forecasts
  - 2.4.6 Reducing Hospitals Length of Stay
- 2.5 Hospital Robotic Remote Surveillance Market Forecasts
- 2.6 Hospital Courier Robot Market Forecasts
  - 2.6.1 Hospital Courier Robot Return on Investment (ROI)
- 2.7 Virtual Visiting Robot
  - 2.7.1 iRobot
- 2.8 Robots for Handicap Assistance Market Forecasts
  - 2.8.1 Aging of the Population
- 2.9 Robots for Campus Delivery
- 2.10 Pharmacy and Blood Work Robots for Healthcare
- 2.11 Healthcare Robotic Regional Market Analysis
  - 2.11.1 Intuitive Surgical Regional Market Segments
  - 2.11.2 Japan Positioned to Be Global Market Leader in Robotics
  - 2.11.3 Korea Global Leader in Robotics
  - 2.11.4 Healthcare Robotics in Japan
Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot Product Description
3. Healthcare Surgical Robots and Campus Robots Product Description
- 3.1 Healthcare Surgical Robots
- 3.2 Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Robot-Assisted, Minimally Invasive Surgery
  - 3.2.1 next Generation Surgery- Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Surgery
  - 3.2.2 Intuitive Surgical Intuitive Instrument Movements
  - 3.2.3 Intuitive Surgical Immersive 3-D Visualization
  - 3.2.4 Intuitive Surgical Immersive High-Definition 3-D Visualization
  - 3.2.5 Intuitive Surgical Teachable and Repeatable
  - 3.2.6 Intuitive Surgical Multi-Specialty Surgical Platform
  - 3.2.7 Intuitive Surgical Facilitates Difficult MIS Operations
  - 3.2.8 Intuitive Surgical's Products and Services
  - 3.2.9 Intuitive Surgical Surgeon's Console
  - 3.2.10 Intuitive Surgical Patient-Side Cart
  - 3.2.11 Intuitive Surgical 3-D Vision System
  - 3.2.12 Intuitive Surgical EndoWrist Instruments and Intuitive Accessories
- 3.3 Carl Zeiss Medical Manipulator
- 3.4 Prosurgics
- 3.5 Hitachi
  - 3.5.1 AESOP Endoscope Positioner Product
- 3.6 Rehabilitation Robots
- 3.7 Robot-Assisted Motor Therapy
  - 3.7.1 Basic Research in Neuroscience
  - 3.7.2 Mechatronic Platforms for Early Diagnosis of Neuro-Developmental Autism Disorders
  - 3.7.3 Stroke Rehabilitation
  - 3.7.4 Audiovisual Displays Used to Present A Virtual Rehabilitation Environment
- 3.8 Human Interactive Robot
- 3.9 iRobot
  - 3.9.1 How iRobot ConnectR Works
- 3.10 Care-O-Bot Intelligent Assistance
  - 3.10.1 Care-O-bot Mobility Aid
- 3.11 Japanese Science and Technology Robot Interaction with Human Beings
  - 3.11.1 Paro Furry Seal Robot for Psychological Enrichment of Humans in Daily Life
  - 3.11.2 Paro's Functions
- 3.12 MobileRobots
  - 3.12.1 Mobileeyes Graphic
  - 3.12.2 MobileRobots Uses:
- 3.13 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd
  - 3.13.1 MobileRobots Food Delivery and Security
- 3.14 Robotis / Bioloid Bipedal Robot Construction Kit
  - 3.14.1 Bioloid Motion Editor
  - 3.14.2 Hitec/Robonova-1
- 3.15 HiTec RoboNova-1
- 3.16 TAEJON_D2E Robotics
- 3.17 Exact Dynamics Manus-Arm
- 3.18 Mobile Robots
  - 3.18.1 Cypress Computer Systems
  - 3.18.2 Technology Convergence
- 3.19 Aethon
- 3.20 AGVs Take on New Roles in Industry
- 3.21 Mopec Hospital Robot
  - 3.21.1 Mopec RoboCourier
- 3.22 Pyxis / HelpMate Robotics
  - 3.22.1 Pyxis Products
- 3.23 Aethon
  - 3.23.1 Aethon TUG
  - 3.23.2 Aethon TUG Fast Delivery
  - 3.23.3 TUG
  - 3.23.4 Hard-working
  - 3.23.5 Cost-efficient
  - 3.23.6 Nurses Have Greater Job Satisfaction
  - 3.23.7 Greater ROI
  - 3.23.8 Less runaround
  - 3.23.9 Greater efficiency
  - 3.23.10 Aethon HOMER
- 3.24 in Touch Technologies
  - 3.24.1 InTouch Technologies RP-7 Remote Presence Robotic System
  - 3.24.2 InTouch Health RP-7 Robot
  - 3.24.3 Surgical Procedure Taught through Remote Presence
- 3.25 Robots in The Hospital
- 3.26 Cypress Computer Systems
  - 3.26.1 CCS Robotics
  - 3.26.2 CCS Robotics RoboSentry
  - 3.26.3 All RoboSentry and SpeciMinder platforms include Charging Dock, Tether, and MobileEyes Software
- 3.27 Definitions
  - 3.27.1 Autonomous Mobile Robot
  - 3.27.2 24x7 Autonomous Operation
  - 3.27.3 Automatic Recharging
  - 3.27.4 802.11 Wireless Ethernet Communications
  - 3.27.5 PTZ Surveillance Camera
  - 3.27.6 4 Dimensional Audio
- 3.28 Cypress Robot
  - 3.28.1 CCS Robotics SpeciMinder Fully Autonomous Specimen Transport System
  - 3.28.2 All RoboSentry and SpeciMinder Platforms Include Charging Dock, Tether, and MobileEyes Software
  - 3.28.3 SpeciMinder Overview
  - 3.28.4 SpeciMinder Technical Overview
  - 3.28.5 Application
  - 3.28.6 SpeciMinder Operational Overview
  - 3.28.7 Hospital Delivery Robot
  - 3.28.8 Remote Surveillance & Verification Platforms (RSVP)
Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robot Strategy, Technology, and Industry Specific Applications
4. Surgical, Healthcare, and Campus Robot Technology
- 4.1 Robotic Surgical Clinical Applications
  - 4.1.1 Robotic Urologic Prostatectomy Surgery
  - 4.1.2 Robotic Gynecologic Surgery
  - 4.1.3 Robotic Myomectomy
  - 4.1.4 Robotic Cardiothoracic Surgery
  - 4.1.5 Robotic Internal Thoracic Artery Dissection
  - 4.1.6 Robotic Thoracoscopy
  - 4.1.7 Robotic Coronary Artery Bypass
  - 4.1.8 Robotic General Surgery
- 4.2 AI Robot
  - 4.2.1 Korea Focusing on Creating A Growth Engine in Research & Development
- 4.3 Care-O-bot Robot Mechanics
  - 4.3.1 Care-O-bot Architecture
- 4.4 Government Regulation
  - 4.4.1 California Regulation
  - 4.4.2 International Regulation
- 4.5 Third Party Reimbursement
Surgical Assist, Campus, Personal Services, and Pharmaceutical Robotcompany Profiles
5. Healthcare and Campus Robot Company Profiles
- 5.1 Aethon
- 5.2 AIST / National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology and Japan Science and Technology
  - 5.2.1 AIST / Intelligent System (ISC)
- 5.3 AmerisourceBergen
- 5.4 Cardinal Health / Pyxis Corporation
  - 5.4.1 Cardinal Health
  - 5.4.2 Cardinal Health Revenue
  - 5.4.3 Healthcare Supply Chain Services Sector
  - 5.4.4 Cardinal Health agreement with Walgreens
  - 5.4.5 Clinical and Medical Products Sector
  - 5.4.6 Cardinal Health Segments
  - 5.4.7 Pyxis Acquisition / HelpMate Robotics
  - 5.4.8 Pyxis Products
- 5.5 Cypress Computer Systems
- 5.6 Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA
  - 5.6.1 Care-O-bot
- 5.7 Fujitsu
- 5.8 Hitachi
  - 5.8.1 Hitachi Ltd
- 5.9 Honda
- 5.10 InTouch Technologies
- 5.11 Intuitive Surgical
  - 5.11.1 Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Surgical Systems for Advanced Surgical Systems
  - 5.11.2 Intuitive Surgical Beating Heart Bypass Procedure through Small Ports
  - 5.11.3 Intuitive Surgical daVinici Focus on Making Technology as Simple as Possible
  - 5.11.4 Intuitive Surgical Revenue
  - 5.11.5 Intuitive Surgical Product Revenue
- 5.12 iRobot
  - 5.12.1 iRobot Strategy
  - 5.12.2 iRobot Role in The FCS program
    - iRobot Strategic Alliances
    - iRobot and Deere & Company
    - iRobot and Clorox Company
    - iRobot Sales and Distribution Channels
    - iRobot Revenue
    - iRobot
    - iRobot Third Quarter 2007 Revenue
    - iRobot Revenue
  - 5.12.3 iRobot Distribution
  - 5.12.4 iRobot $8.8 Million U.S. Military Order for PackBot Robots
    - iRobot Gutter Cleaner
    - iRobot Communication Robot
    - iRobot ConnectR Pilot Program
    - iRobot NAVSEA $19 Million for Bomb-Disposal Robots
    - iRobot Roomba Vacuum Cleaning Robots
    - iRobot Customer Service and Support
    - iRobot Marketing and Brand
- 5.13 LG Electronics
- 5.14 MicroDexterity Systems
- 5.15 Microsoft MobileRobots
- 5.16 Mopec
  - 5.16.1 Mopec RoboCourier Smart Robotic Delivery Product
- 5.17 OmniCell
- 5.18 Primus Innovations
- 5.19 Prosurgics
- 5.20 Richard Wolf Medical Instruments
- 5.21 Ross-Hime Designs
- 5.22 Sinters SA
- 5.23 Swisslog
- 5.24 Terumo Medical
- 5.25 Toshiba
- 5.26 Zeiss
  - 5.26.1 Carl Zeiss Medical Manipulator
  - 5.26.2 Zeiss Developments for More Efficiency
  - 5.26.3 Zeiss Focused on Growth
List of Tables
- Table ES-1 ES-2 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Driving Forces
- Table 1-1 Robotic Surgical Specialties Procedure Marketing Efforts Focus
- Table 2-1 Robotics Market Driving Forces
- Table 2-2 Healthcare Robotics Enabling Technologies
- Table 2-3 Surgical Robotic Product Development Challenges
- Table 2-4 Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery Market Driving Forces
- Table 2-5 Types of Procedures Performed Using Robotic Surgical System
- Table 2-6 Worldwide Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) Market Shares, Shipment Dollars, 2007
- Table 2-12 Worldwide Robotically Assisted Surgery Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, 2008-2014
- Table 2-13 McKesson ROBOT-Rx Advantage
- Table 2-15 Worldwide Pharmacy Robot Dispensing Shipments Market Shares, Dollars, 2007
- Table 2-18 Worldwide Hospital and Wholesale Pharmaceutical Dispensing Robot Market Forecasts, 2008-2014
- Table 2-19 Factors Contributing to The Growth of The Pharmaceutical Industry Worldwide
- Table 2-20 Response to Rising Healthcare Costs
- Table 2-21 US Hospital Profile
- Table 2-24 Worldwide Hospital Remote Presence Robot Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2008-2014
- Table 2-25 Presence Robots Used in Aspects of Healthcare Delivery
- Table 2-26 Number of Surgical Procedures Performed Worldwide 2007
- Table 2-27 Number of Surgical Procedures Performed in The US 2007
- Table 2-28 Remote Presence Robot ROI Analysis
- Table 2-29 Sample Patient Length of Stay Study Results
- Table 2-30 Benefits of Remote Presence
- Table 2-31 Worldwide Hospital Remote Surveillance Robot Market Forecasts, Units and Dollars, 2008-2014
- Table 2-34 Worldwide Hospital Courier Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Table 2-35 Worldwide Healthcare Rehab and Disability Assistive and Communication Robot Shipments Market Forecasts, Units,
- Table 2-36 Worldwide Healthcare Rehab and Disability Assistive and Communication Robot Shipments Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Table 2-37 Worldwide Robotically Assisted Surgery Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, 2008-2014
- Table 2-38 World Population: Aging Trends 2000 and 2050
- Table 2-39 US Population: Aging Trends 2000 to 2050
- Table 2-40 Healthcare Robot Regional Market Shares, 2007 SURGICAL ASSIST, CAMPUS, PERSONAL SERVICES, AND PHARMACEUTICAL ROBOT
- Table 3-1 Intuitive Surgical da Vinci Prostatectomy Benefits
- Table 3-2 Da Vinci S Surgical System Features
- Table 3-4 Intuitive Surgical Products
- Table 3-6 Quantitative Methods to Assess Motor Performance for Rehabilitation
- Table 3-7 iRobot Offers The ConnectR Virtual Visiting Robot Functions
- Table 3-8 iRobot ConnectR Virtual Visiting Robot
- Table 3-9 Care-O-bot Mobile Service Robot Target Markets
- Table 3-10 Care-O-bot Mobile Service Robot Range of Services Offered
- Table 3-11 Care-O-bot Mobile Service Robot Household Tasks
- Table 3-12 Care-O-bot Mobile Service Robot Mobility Aid
- Table 3-13 Care-O-bot Mobile Service Robot Communication and Social Integration
- Table 3-16 Care-O-bot serving a glass of water to the bedridden user
- Table 3-17 Care-O-bot intelligent walking aid functions
- Table 3-18 Care-O-bot Used as An Intelligent Walking Aid
- Table 3-23 MobileRobots Uses:
- Table 3-25 Matsushita Electric Works Features
- Table 3-26 Matsushita Electric Active Robot Features
- Table 3-27 MobileRobots Food Delivery and Security Uses:
- Table 3-29 Software Utilities That Come with The Bioloid Kit
- Table 3-30 Commands Provided with The Bioloid Behaviour Control Program
- Table 3-31 Tribotix Behavior Control Program
- Table 3-37 Mopec RoboCourier Smart Robotic Delivery Service Features
- Table 5-1 Intuitive Surgical Clearances from The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Table 5-2 iRobot Roomba 500 series Vacuum Cleaning Features:
- Table 5-2 iRobot Roomba 500 series Vacuum Cleaning Features:
List of Figures
- Figure ES-2 ES-4 Worldwide Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) Market Shares, Shipment Dollars, 2007
- Figure ES-3 ES-6 Worldwide Robotically-Assisted Surgery Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-6 Worldwide Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) Market Shares, Shipment Dollars, 2007
- Figure 2-7 Worldwide Robotically-Assisted Surgery Systems Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, Units, 2008- 2014
- Figure 2-8 Worldwide Robotically-Assisted Surgery Systems Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008- 2014
- Figure 2-9 Worldwide Number of Surgical Robot Instruments Shipment Market Forecasts, Units, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-10 Worldwide Surgical Robot Instrument Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-11 Worldwide Robotically Assisted Surgery Equipment Shipment Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-14 Worldwide Pharmacy Robot Dispensing Shipments Market Shares, Dollars, 2007
- Figure 2-16 Worldwide Hospital and Wholesale Pharmaceutical Dispensing Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-17 Worldwide Hospital and Wholesale Pharmaceutical Dispensing Robot Market Forecasts, Units, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-22 Worldwide Hospital Remote Presence Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-23 Worldwide Hospital Remote Presence Robot Market Forecasts, Units, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-32 Worldwide Hospital Courier Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 2-33 Worldwide Hospital Courier Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, 2008-2014
- Figure 3-3 Intuitive Surgical System and Wrist Instruments
- Figure 3-5 Prosurgics Robot Assisted Image-Guiding
- Figure 3-14 Care-O-bot Prototype Mobile Platform with A Moveable Interactive Touchscreen
- Figure 3-15 Care-O-bot Mobile Platform
- Figure 3-19 Paro Robot Human Company
- Figure 3-20 Paro at A Nursing Home in Japan
- Figure 3-21 Paro Artificial Fur Hygienic
- Figure 3-22 MobileRobot SodaBot Small Refrigerator
- Figure 3-24 Matsushita's Robotic Blood Sample Courier System
- Figure 3-28 19 DOF Humanoid from Bioloid Kit
- Figure 3-32 Hitec/Robonova-1 Sensors
- Figure 3-33 Hitec/Robonova-1 Robot
- Figure 3-34 Manus-Arm of Exact Dynamics
- Figure 3-35 TUG Mobile Robots Aethon Various Cargo-Carrying Attachments
- Figure 3-36 Mopec RoboCourier Smart Robotic Delivery Service
- Figure 3-38 Doctor Speaks from InTouch Health Robot Console
- Figure 3-39 Doctor Controls InTouch Health Robot from A Console
- Figure 4-1 Care-O-bot Robot Mechanics
- Figure 4-2 Care-O-bot Architecture
- Figure 5-3 iRobot Growth Positioning
- Figure 5-4 iRobot Roomba Positioning
- Figure 5-5 iRobot Roomba Strategy