Indian Biodiesel

Industry Report

Publication Date	January 2006
Publisher	Cygnus
Product Type	Report
Pages	116
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	CYG00002

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Summary

Biofuels is among alternate fuels that have caught the attention of policy makers and entrepreneurs in recent years. India is the world's sixth largest consumer of energy. Its energy demand is growing at an annual rate of 4.8%. The demand for refined products is forecast to rise at a higher rate. The demand for diesel, for instance, is projected to increase at an annual rate of 5.8% to 65m tonnes in 2030.

The report on Indian Biodiesel talks of the energy requirement in India and biodiesel as an alternate source to the requirements. The specifications and quality standards requirement of biodiesel is discussed with the benefits and distribution system available. Biodiesel as an upcoming industry along with the global scenario is analysed, major international companies are focused. The related issues and challenges in the industry are briefed. The feasibility in India in terms of land suitability, cost of production, Government initiatives (National Mission on Biodiesel) and regulatory environment are also included in the report. The report will be useful to the industry and especially companies planning to establish processing plant, looking for entry into contract farming for Jatropha, supplier and consumers of biodiesel. It will also be useful to the government department and agencies working Jatropha and biodiesel to plan their future actions considering the areas wherein the potential lies. The educational institutes may also use this information as it also gives brief information on the industry. Other research bodies, industry experts, associations & consortia of the industry and consulting organizations may also benefit through the information given in the report.

The report has been prepared from numerous sources which include: Publication of IPO documents, industry interactions, press releases by different players, websites, and proprietary and subscribed databases. Due diligence and adequate care has been taken in the report to check and validate the figures used. Total number of pages: 116, Number of tables: 27, Number of charts: 8

Content

Section 1: The Fuel

1. Introduction To Bio-Fuel
- 1.1 Global Energy Requirements
- 1.2 Indian Energy Needs: Biodiesel as an option for Energy Security
- 1.3 Demand and Supply of Oil for Energy: Indian Scenario
  - 1.3.1 Demand
  - 1.3.2 Supply
- 1.4 Biofuels: A Definition
2. Biodiesel
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Physical and Chemical Properties
- 2.3 Quality Standards and specifications
- 2.4 Important Biodiesel Parameters:
- 2.5 Performance of Biodiesel
- 2.6 Technical Overview of Bio Diesel
3. Biodiesel Benefits
- 3.1 Economic Benefits
- 3.2 Quality Benefits
- 3.3 Environmental Benefits
  - 3.3.1 Emissions
  - 3.3.2 Biodegradability and Toxicity
- 3.4 Energy Security Benefits
- 3.5 Health Effects
4. Production Of Biodiesel
- 4.1 Raw Materials
  - 4.1.1 Oil
- 4.2 The Quality of Raw Material
  - 4.2.1 Vegetable Oil
  - 4.2.2 Animal fats
  - 4.2.3 Waste vegetable oils
  - 4.2.4 Esters of vegetable oil
  - 4.2.5 Alcohol
  - 4.2.6 Catalyst
- 4.3 Production of Biodiesel
- 4.4 Production Process
- 4.5 Batch vs. Continuous Process Technology
  - 4.5.1 Batch Systems
  - 4.5.2 Continuous Systems
  - 4.5.3 Hybrid Systems
- 4.6 Steps involved in Base-Catalyst Method
  - 4.6.1 Pyrolysis
  - 4.6.2 Micro-emulsification
  - 4.6.3 Dilution
  - 4.6.4 Transesterification
  - 4.6.5 The Process and Variables during Transesterification
  - 4.5.6 Ratio of alcohol to oil
  - 4.5.7 Catalyst type and concentration Purity of reactants
- 4.7 The General Production Flow of Biodiesel
5. Distribution System
- 5.1 Blending of Esters with Diesel
- 5.2 Storage of Biodiesel
  - 5.2.1 Suggestions for storing Biodiesel
- 5.3 Handling of Biodiesel

Section 2: Upcoming Industry

6. Scenario Worldwide
- 6.1 International Biodiesel Market
- 6.2 Global Production
  - 6.2.1 Europe
  - 6.2.2 US
  - 6.2.3 Asia
  - 6.2.4 Australia
  - 6.2.5 Brazil
  - 6.2.6 Canada
- 6.3 Companies in Biodiesel Industry
  - International Companies
  - Abengoa Bioenergy Corporation
  - AG Environmental Products LLC
  - Archer Daniels Midland Company
  - Biodiesel Industries
  - Inc.
  - Griffin Industries
  - Inc.
  - Petroplus International N.V.
  - Southern States Power Company
  - Inc.
  - Total S.A.
  - West Central Cooperative
  - Pacific Biodiesel
  - Canada Clean Fuels
  - ADW Plus
  - s.r.o.
  - Soy Solutions
  - Indian Companies
  - Southern Online Bio Technologies Ltd
  - Nandan Biometrix
  - Shirke Biofuel
  - Naturol Bio-Energy India Ltd
7. Issues And Challenges
- 7.1 Infrastructure
- 7.2 Area Requirement
- 7.3 Crop Failure and Fuel Crisis
- 7.4 Energy requirement for the plantation
- 7.5 Viability of Biodiesel and International Oil Price
8. Critical Success Factor
- 8.1 Set-up for the Biodiesel plant
- 8.2 Technology
- 8.3 Government Support
- 8.4 Feed stock
9. Demand Drivers
- 9.1 Engine Development & Modifications
- 9.2 Fuel Prices in International Market
- 9.3 Environment friendly fuels

Section 3: Feasibility In India

10. Indian Scenario
- 10.1 Possibility of Biodiesel Production in India
- 10.2 Proposed Jatropha Plantation
11. Land Feasibility For Jatropha Plantation
- 11.1 Assessment of Biodiesel Demand in India
  - 11.1.1 The Required Raw Material Production
- 11.2 Area required for plantation
  - 11.2.1 Available Land
12. Cost Estimation Of Producing Biodiesel
- 12.1 Cost estimation
  - 12.1.1 Pre-Plantation Cost
  - 12.1.2 Cultivation cost
  - 12.1.3 Oil Extraction Cost
    - Cost of setting up Oil Extraction Unit
    - Extraction Cost
  - 12.1.4 Cost of Esterification
    - Variable Inputs in Esterification
    - Fixed cost for the plant
  - 12.1.5 Other costs
- 12.2 Estimated Operating profit per ton of Biodiesel
- 12.3 By-products
13. Framework Of Launching Biodiesel In India
- 13.1 Plantation Sector
- 13.2 Production Sector
- 13.3 Marketing and Trade
- 13.4 Research and Development
  - 13.4.1 Selected Biodiesel R&D Projects at Indian organisation
    - Harbinsons Biotech
    - Punjab Agricultural University
    - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP)
    - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
14. Government Of India Initiative In Plantation: National Mission On Biodiesel
- 14.1 Objective of the mission
- 14.2 Phase I-Demonstration Phase (2003-2007)
  - 14.2.1 Micromission on Plantation on Forest Lands
  - 14.2.2 Micromission on Plantation on Non-forest Lands
  - 14.2.3 Micromission on Plantation on other Lands
  - 14.2.4 Micromission on Procurement of Seed and Oil Extraction
  - 14.2.5 Micromission on Transesterification
    - Blending and Trade
  - 14.2.6 Micromission on R&D
- 14.3 Phase II - Self sustaining Expansion of Biodiesel Programme (2007-2012)
- 14.4 The Coverage and Area
  - 14.4.1 Developing agro-technologies for different agro-climatic regions
  - 14.4.2 Oil Quality
  - 14.4.3 Biocatalyst
    - Heterogeneous Catalyst
  - 14.4.4 Utilization of By-products
15. Regulating Biodiesel In India
- 15.1 Proposed Biodiesel Specifications for India
Appendix
- 1. Available Biodiesel production technologies
- 2. Production Capacity Installed: Country-wise
- 3. Indian and European Vehicle Emission Norms
- 4. Indian and European Vehicle Emission Norms - Heavy Duty Vehicles
- 5. Comparison of Indian and European Diesel Specifications
- 6. Comparison of different Methyl Esters compared to Diesel
- 7. Jatropha: An Introduction
  - Origin & distribution
  - Description of Jatropha plant:
  - Description of Species
  - Varieties
  - Cultivation & production
  - Plant Protection
  - Post harvest processing
Bibliography