Renewable Energy Capacity in The EU

The Current Market, Drivers to Growth, Future Capacity Forecasts

Publication Date	July 2009
Publisher	Business Insights
Product Type	Report
Pages	160
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	RBI00335

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Summary

Electrical production capacity has had historically an energy mix consisting primarily of fossil fuels including gas, coal and oil, backed up with a volume of nuclear and hydro power.

The EU-27 countries are trying to lower carbon emissions, and build an interconnected, efficient energy system. New targets have been created by the EC that request that by 2020 the EU-27 countries reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 20% (compared with 1990 levels) by 2020; improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020; raise the share of renewable energy to 20 % by 2020; increase the level of biofuels in transport fuel to 10% by 2020.

In trying to meet these objectives, a new energy market is beginning to evolve. Recent addition has been made to the energy mix by way of renewable energy technologies which include power from the wind - wind turbines, and power from the sun - solar cells, and geothermal - relying on the heat that can be found at varying degrees of depth into the Earth's surface. In the last decade newly installed renewable energy technologies are starting to gain a notable share of the market.

Key findings

Germany has the largest volume of installed renewable energy technology topping the market in wind and solar, the two field leading technologies. Germany has installed around 2 GW of grid connected solar photovoltaics annually for the last two years.
Hydroelectric power makes up almost two thirds of the current renewable energy electrical generation market.
Geothermal energy only utilized for electricity generation in Italy, Iceland, Portugal and Turkey. The market share of geothermal capacity only accounts for 1% of the total installed capacity. Iceland makes up 61% of the geothermal market share.
In terms of market share, the annual installed capacity of wind has grown from 0% in 1995 to 30% in 2007.

Key features of this report

Analysis of energy type volumes, capacity installed and generation output across European countries.
Market projections to 2020, including an evaluation of energy type and national and international growth potential.
Overview of trends impacting on and shaping innovation in the energy market.
New renewable energy technology analysis including innovation, capacity investment.

Use this report to

Achieve a quick and comprehensive understanding of how European market trends and legislation are influencing the development of the renewable energy market.
Realize up to date competitive intelligence through a comprehensive review of European markets in the renewable energy market between 1990 and 2008.
Assess the emerging trends in renewable energy technology - wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, tidal, wave - capacity and generation.

Discover

What are the drivers shaping and influencing new capacity installed in the energy industry?
How will renewable energy technologies capacity share perform to 2020? What are the opportunities?
What are the forecast market growth rates 2008-2030? Which markets will see the highest value growth and which the highest volume growth?
Which regions and countries offer the greatest opportunity for growth?

Content

Renewable Energy Capacity in the EU
- Executive summary
- Energy security and environmental drivers
- Infrastructure
- Current state of EU energy market
- Wind capacity in the EU
- Solar capacity in the EU
- Future outlook for the renewable energy market
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Report introduction
Chapter 2 Energy security and environmental drivers
- Summary
- Introduction
- Energy security
- Fossil fuel generation and emissions
- Resource depletion and alternatives to oil
- The pace of resource depletion
- Liquid alternatives to oil
- Replacing existing capacity
- Environmental concerns
- Population growth
- CO2 emissions by country
- Global warming
- Renewable energy and energy efficiency targets in the EU
Chapter 3 Infrastructure
- Summary
- Introduction
- Interconnections
- Energy networks
- Current international interconnections
- Planned international interconnections
- Grid extension to accommodate renewables
- Grid infrastructure
- Grid connection issues
- Grid connection costs
- Intelligent grid management
- Grid upgrades
- Future renewable infrastructure/ grid requirements
- Med Ring
- African connection
- Intercontinental HVDC interconnection
- Super Grid
- EU wind map
- EU solar map
Chapter 4 Current state of the EU energy market
- Summary
- Introduction
- Energy demand in the EU (consumption)
- Total energy consumption
- Final energy consumption
- EU-27 electricity capacity
- Capacity factor
- Electricity installed capacity mix
- Wind capacity
- Solar capacity
- Geothermal capacity
- Hydropower capacity
- EU-27 electricity generation
- Gross electricity generation
- Recent installed energy capacity summary
- Percentage mix of what has been recently installed in Europe
Chapter 5 Wind capacity in the EU
- Summary
- Introduction
- The European wind market
- Leading countries
- Cumulative wind power
- New installed wind
- Installed capacity dominating the market
- Electricity production from installed wind power
- Wind capacity planned and under construction
- Drivers of European wind power market capacity
- The cost of wind power
- Wind capital costs
- Wind integration costs
- Government legislation effecting the wind market in Europe
- Regulatory price-driven mechanisms
- Quantity-based market schemes
- Voluntary approaches
- Indirect strategies
- Current wind support mechanisms in the EU
Chapter 6 Solar capacity in the EU
- Summary
- Introduction
- The European solar market
- Leading countries
- Cumulative solar capacity
- New installed solar capacity
- Solar capacity planned and under construction
- Drivers of European solar market capacity
- The cost of solar power
- Competitiveness of grid-connected applications
- Factors affecting PV cost reductions
- Government legislation effecting the solar PV market in Europe
- Renewable energy ???Feed-in-Tariff' (REFIT)
- Financing
- Administration
- Guaranteed grid access
- Government and industry commitment
Chapter 7 Future outlook for the European renewable energy market
- Summary
- Introduction
- Future energy consumption
- Population growth
- Population forecasts
- Increased electrical generation capacity based on population growth
- Energy consumption and its impact
- Overall energy consumption
- Oil consumption
- Future carbon emissions
- Oil price rises
- Future energy consumption by type to 2020
- Renewable energy percentage mix to 2020
- Scenarios for implementation of renewable electricity generation capacity
- Wind growth to 2020
- Onshore wind
- Offshore wind
- Solar power growth to 2020
- Wind and solar cumulative capacity by 2020
- Other renewables
- Problems with increasing mass hydropower capacity
- Other renewable energy growth to 2020
- Issues with switching to renewable technologies
- Capacity factor
- Efficiency
- Conclusions
- Summary of issues
- Gross electricity production supplied by renewables
- Electricity generation by type
- Current generation mix
- Future final energy supplied by renewables
- Future European electricity generation scenarios
- Reference scenario
- High scenario
- Low scenario
- Appendix
- Bibliography
- References
- Primary and secondary data sources
- Index
List of Figures
- Figure 2.1: CO2 emissions by fuel (CO2/GJ), 2007
- Figure 2.2: Non renewable resources depletion (years), 2009
- Figure 2.3: Changing UK generation capacity format (MW), 2003-2007
- Figure 2.4: Replacing old capacity with renewables (MW), 2003-2007
- Figure 2.5: EU-27 Population growth (millions of people), 1998 to 2008
- Figure 2.6: EU-27 Population growth projection (millions of people), 2010-2060
- Figure 2.7: EU generated carbon emissions (Million Metric tonnes of Carbon), 2006
- Figure 2.8: EU 27 CO2 emissions by sector, 1990-2006
- Figure 2.9: CO2 levels in the atmosphere (PPM), 1959-2008
- Figure 3.10: Interconnectors in Europe, 2009
- Figure 3.11: Interconnectors in the North Sea, 2008
- Figure 3.12: The Mediterranean Ring, 2005
- Figure 3.13: European wind speed map
- Figure 3.14: EU Solar map, 2006
- Figure 4.15: Gross inland consumption - EU27 by fuel (in Mtoe), 2006
- Figure 4.16: Total EU-27 energy consumption by fuel (Mtoe), 2006
- Figure 4.17: EU-27 Energy consumption by fuel (% usage compared to 1990), 2006
- Figure 4.18: Explanation of capacity factor
- Figure 4.19: Energy capacity mix in Europe (GW), end 2008
- Figure 4.20: Installed power capacity in the EU (MW), 1990-2008
- Figure 4.21: New installed capacity in Europe by type (MW), 2008
- Figure 4.22: EU net increase/decrease in power capacity (MW), 2000-2008
- Figure 4.23: Annual installed capacity in the EU by type (% share), 1995 and 2007
- Figure 4.24: EU-27 electricity generation growth (%), 1990-2006
- Figure 4.25: New power capacity installed in 2008 (MW)
- Figure 5.26: Cumulative wind power installed in the EU (MW), 2008
- Figure 5.27: Life cycle carbon emissions (CO2 equivalent/GW)
- Figure 5.28: Additional installed wind capacity by year (MW), 1995-2008
- Figure 5.29: Germany, Spain and Denmark's share of EU market for wind power (MW), 2000- 2008
- Figure 7.30: Population growth forecast (billions of people), 1990-2030
- Figure 7.31: World market energy consumption (Btu), 1990-2008
- Figure 7.32: Primary energy consumption in the EU by fuel (Mtoe), 2008
- Figure 7.33: Population and oil consumption growth (bn), 1965-2007
- Figure 7.34: Global CO2 emissions growth (Million Metric Tonnes CO2), 1990-2030
- Figure 7.35: Europe energy consumption by type (Btu), 1990-2030
- Figure 7.36: High, reference and low onshore wind power scenarios for EU, (GW), 2010 to 2030
- Figure 7.37: Three offshore wind power scenarios for EU, (GW), 2010 to 2030
- Figure 7.38: EPIA EU Solar projection (GW), 2008-2013
- Figure 7.39: EurObserv'ER EU Solar projection (MW), 2006 to 2010
- Figure 7.40: Increasing solar cell efficiency (%), 1975-2008
- Figure 7.41: Generation technology comparison
- Figure 7.42: Share of generation in Europe by energy type (%), 2020
List of Tables
- Table 2.1: EU-27 energy dependency (consumption v imports Mtoe), 2008
- Table 2.2: Non renewable resources depletion, 2009
- Table 2.3: Biofuels comparison (Liters of Oil Yields), to 2009
- Table 2.4: EU renewable energy targets for 2020 (%)
- Table 3.5: Electricity consumption and exchanges in regions in Europe (TWh), 2006
- Table 4.6: Gross inland consumption (Mtoe), 2006
- Table 4.7: EU-27 final energy consumption (TWh), 2006
- Table 4.8: Typical capacity factors for power generating plants (%)
- Table 4.9: Gross electricity generation in EU-27 by type (GWh), 2006
- Table 4.10: EU-27 electricity production by source (%), 2006
- Table 4.11: Gross electricity generation from renewables in EU-27 (GWh), 2006
- Table 5.12: Wind power total and newly installed (MW), 2009
- Table 5.13: Wind offshore* power total installed capacity (MW), 2007 and 2008
- Table 5.14: EU27 Electricity production from wind power (MW), 2008
- Table 5.15: Wind power constructions and planning until 2015, Jan 2009
- Table 5.16: Comparison of capital cost estimates ($/KW), 2003 and 2007
- Table 5.17: Wind support schemes for EU-27 countries, 2008
- Table 6.18: Total cumulative solar photovoltaic installed (MW), ending 2008
- Table 6.19: Additional photovoltaic capacity installed in the EU (MW), 2008
- Table 7.20: Oil price per barrel (???), 2000-2030
- Table 7.21: Wind electricity production forecast to 2030 (TWh), 2008
- Table 7.22: Electricity generation matrix, 2006
- Table 7.23: EU electricity generation capacity (GW), 2006-2008
- Table 7.24: Energy consumption (TWh) and capacity growth (GW), 2008-2020
- Table 7.25: Reference EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020
- Table 7.26: High EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020
- Table 7.27: Low EU future electrical generation scenarios (TWh), 2008-2020