The Future of Clean Coal

The impact of new technologies and legislation on the economics of coal-fired power generation

Publication Date	July 2007
Publisher	Business Insights
Product Type	Report
Pages	125
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	RBI00154

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Summary

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Our energy portfolio of reports can be used across a wide range of business functions to assess market conditions and devise future strategies and cover the oil, gas, electricity and utility sectors and key energy issues including emerging markets, new technologies and carbon sequestration.

Some key findings from this report...

By 2030 coal will still supply close to 40% of global electricity. This will lead to an increase in global coal-fired capacity by between 50% and 100%.
Coal capacity in China may reach 660GW in China by 2020 and 160GW in India. The US is likely to add between 100GW and 150GW of new capacity by 2030, whilst demand is likely to fall within the EU.
Short term demands for reductions in carbon dioxide emissions(to 2020) will be met by increased use of highly efficient coal-fired power plants based on supercritical and ultrasupercritical pulverized coal technology.
Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration technologies will enter the market beyond 2020, allowing virtually zero emission coal-fired plants to be built. The rate of their introduction will depend on global agreement on greenhouse gas control.
Coal-fired power generation remains competitive with the best renewable technologies, even after accounting for the costs of carbon capture technology.

The Future of Clean Coal

Coal accounts for 40% of global electricity supply and the proportion is set to remain steady, even as global generating capacity rises. Coal-fired generating capacity may double by 2030, which would have a severe effect on carbon dioxide emissions unless new, cleaner technologies can be implemented.

The Future of Clean Coal: The impact of new technologies and legislation on the economics of coal-fired power generation is a new management report published by Business Insights that analyses the state of modern coal-fired power generation. It analyses the technologies,

efficiency and economics of conventional coal-fired power generation, emission control systems and advanced/zero emission systems. It analyses the key drivers of the new technologies and forecasts the impact of clean coal technologies on the cost of power compared to both conventional coal-fired power generation and renewable energy.

Assess how new technologies will affect coal-fired power generation in the short, medium and long term with this new report.

This new report will enable you to...

Benchmark new and conventional coal-fired power generation systems with this report's detailed analysis of the comparative economics of coal-fired power generation technologies with and without carbon capture and by use of different types of coal in terms of capital costs and cost of electricity.
Predict the size and type of future growth in coal-fired power generation with the forecasts for coal-fired generating capacity, the emergence of new markets and the comparative attractiveness of new and conventional technologies contained in this report.
Understand how legislation governing emissions will impact on the market attractiveness of clean coal with this report's examination of the economic impact of new legislation on emissions of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.

Key issues examined by this new report...

Coal demand. By 2030, forecasts vary from coal demand growing by 50% to doubling - giving real impetus for the development of economically attractive clean coal technologies.
Carbon capture. Carbon sequestration technologies remain at the development/demonstration stage and so their competitiveness is not clear although plant efficiency is reduced.
Developed vs emerging economies. Coal demand is forecast to be much higher in the future from key developing economies such as China and India. However, emissions controls are generally less onerous and and less strictly policed in developing countries.
Coal carbon capture vs renewable technologies. The addition of carbon capture drives up the cost of power from coal plants making other power technologies increasingly competitive - notably nuclear, but also hydro and wind power.

Some key questions answered by this new report...

What is the future timeline for commercial development of advanced and zero emission technologies?
How do conventional and clean coal technologies compare in terms of capital costs and the cost of electricity?
What impact do types of gasifier and type of coal have on plant efficiency?
How will demand for coal change over the medium term and which countries will be driving increased consumption?
What are the key regulations around emissions and what impact will they have on the economic competitiveness of coal-fired power generation?
How do renewable technologies compare against new clean coal technologies and how does carbon capture affect their competitiveness?

Content

The Future of Clean Coal
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- The coal resource
- Conventional coal-fired power generation technology
- Advanced and zero emission coal burning technologies
- Environmental and legislative issues
- The economics of coal-fired power generation
- The future of coal-fired power generation
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Introduction
- Coal use for power generation
- Economics of coal
- The environment
- Emission control
- The report
Chapter 2 The coal resource
- Introduction
- Coal types
- Global coal reserves
- Coal production
- Coal consumption
- Coal trade
Chapter 3 Conventional coal-fired power generation and emission control systems
- Introduction
- Conventional coal burning technology
- Supercritical pulverized coal power plants
- Plant efficiency
- The future of supercritical PC plants
- Fluidized bed boilers
- Plant sizes
- Biomass cofiring
- Emission control
- Sulfur dioxide
- Nitrogen oxides
- Dust
- Mercury
- Application of emission control systems
Chapter 4 Advanced and zero emission coal burning technologies
- Introduction
- Carbon dioxide capture and storage
- Post combustion carbon capture
- Pre-combustion capture
- Integrated gasification combined cycle
- Underground gasification
- Oxyfuel combustion
- Carbon transport and sequestration
- Comparison of the different technologies
- Capture ready power plants
- Retrofitting to older plants
Chapter 5 Environmental and legislative issues
- Introduction
- Carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxide emission controls
- Sulfur dioxide
- Nitrogen oxides
- Particulate emissions
- Mercury
- Economic effects of emission control
Chapter 6 The economics of coal-fired power generation
- Introduction
- Capital costs
- Alternative gasifiers
- Different coals
- Retrofitting
- The cost of electricity
- Performance of different gasifiers
- Cost of electricity from different coals
- PC vs IGCC
Chapter 7 The future of coal-fired power generation
- Introduction
- The medium term
- Predicted growth in the demand for coal-fired generating capacity
- The introduction of new technology
- The comparative economics of coal-fired power generation
List of Figures
- Figure 1.1: Coal use for power generation, 2006
- Figure 1.2: EIA projections for growth in coal-fired generating capacity in selected geographies,2003-2030, (GW)
- Figure 1.3: Predicted carbon dioxide emissions from coal combustion, 1990-2030 (million t CO2)
- Figure 2.4: Proved recoverable coal reserves (million tonnes), 2006
- Figure 2.5: Coal production, 2002 (thousand tonnes)
- Figure 2.6: Top ten coal producers, 2005
- Figure 2.7: Global coal consumption, 1965-2005 (million tonnes oil equivalent)
- Figure 2.8: Top ten coal consumers, 2005
- Figure 2.9: Thermal coal imports by country (million tonnes), 2005
- Figure 4.10: Performance of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture
- Figure 4.11: Plant efficiency with different coals (with carbon capture)
- Figure 4.12: Effects of retrofitting a subcritical 500 MW coal-fired power plant
- Figure 5.13: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (ppm), 1750-2005
- Figure 6.14: Capital cost of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture ($/kW), Source NETL-Parsons
- Figure 6.15: Capital cost of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture ($/kW), Source MIT
- Figure 6.16: Capital costs for coal-fired power plants burning different coals ($/kW)
- Figure 6.17: The cost of electricity from coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture($/kWh)
- Figure 6.18: The cost of electricity from coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture
- Figure 6.19: Costs for different gasifier designs with and without carbon capture
- Figure 7.20: EIA projections for growth in coal-fired generating capacity (GW), 2003-2030
- Figure 7.21: Coal fired generating capacity growth in India and China (GW), 2004-2030
- Figure 7.22: The cost of electricity from different technologies ($/MWh)
List of Tables
- Table 1.1: Coal use for power generation, 2006
- Table 1.2: EIA projections for growth in coal-fired generating capacity, 2003-2030, (GW)
- Table 1.3: Predicted carbon dioxide emissions from coal combustion, 1990-2030 (million t CO2)
- Table 2.4: Proved recoverable coal reserves (million tonnes), 2006
- Table 2.5: Coal production, 2002 (thousand tonnes)
- Table 2.6: Top ten coal producers, 2005
- Table 2.7: Global coal consumption, 1965-2005 (million tonnes oil equivalent)
- Table 2.8: Top ten coal consumers, 2005
- Table 2.9: Thermal coal imports by country (million tonnes), 2005
- Table 3.10: Typical steam conditions in pulverized coal power plants
- Table 3.11: Typical carbon dioxide production per kWh as a function of efficiency in a coal-fired plant
- Table 4.12: Performance of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture
- Table 4.13: Plant efficiency with different coals (with carbon capture)
- Table 4.14: Effects of retrofitting a subcritical 500 MW coal-fired power plant
- Table 5.15: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (ppm), 1750-2005
- Table 6.16: Capital cost of coal fired power plants with and without carbon capture (€/kW / $/kW),Source EU, UNIPCC
- Table 6.17: Capital cost of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture ($/kW), Source NETL-Parsons
- Table 6.18: Capital cost of coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture ($/kW),Source MIT
- Table 6.19: Capital costs for coal-fired power plants burning different coals ($/kW)
- Table 6.20: The cost of electricity from coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture ($/kWh)
- Table 6.21: The cost of electricity from coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture($/kWh)
- Table 6.22: The cost of electricity from coal-fired power plants with and without carbon capture
- Table 6.23: Costs for different gasifier designs with and without carbon capture
- Table 6.24: Costs for different coal combustion technologies burning different coals without carbon capture
- Table 7.25: EIA projections for growth in coal-fired generating capacity (GW), 2003-2030
- Table 7.26: Coal fired generating capacity growth in India and China (GW), 2004-2030
- Table 7.27: The cost of electricity from different technologies ($/MWh)