Opportunities for Coal-Based Products

Content

• Introduction
  • Coal Processing Technologies
  • Clean Coal Technology
  • Study Background
  • Study Goals And Objectives
  • Coal-Based Products
  • Intended Audience
  • Scope And Format
  • Methodology And Information Sources
  • Analyst Credentials
  • Related BCC Research Publications
    • Research Reports
    • Journals
  • BCC Online Services
  • Disclaimer
• Executive Summary
  • Summary Table: U.S. Sales Forecast Of Coal-Related Products, Through 2011 ($ Billions)
  • Summary Figure: U.S. And Global Sales Of Coal-Related Products And Equipment, 2003-2011 ($ Billions)
• Overview: History And Current State Of The Coal-Based Product And Technology Industry
  • General Description
  • History Of Coal-Based Products
    • Coal Gasification
    • Coal Liquefaction
    • Coal Combustion
    • Coal Carbonization
  • The Chemical Nature Of Coal And Coal-Based Products
    • Chemistry Of Coal
    • Chemistry Of Coal Based Products
      • Coal Gasification Products
      • Coal Gas/Town Gas
      • Water Gas
      • Synthesis Gas
      • Hydrogen
      • Carbon Dioxide
      • Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
      • Coal Liquefaction Products
      • Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
      • Coal Combustion Products
      • Fly Ash
      • Bottom Ash
      • Boiler Slag
      • Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Material
      • Coal Carbonization
  • The Technology Of Coal Manufacturing
    • Coal Gasification
    • Coal Liquefaction Process
    • Coal Combustion Process
    • Coal Carbonization Process
  • Equipment For Coal-Processing And The Processing Of Coal-Related Products
    • Coal Gasification Systems
      • Fixed Bed (Moving Bed) Gasifier
      • Lurgi Process
      • Wellman-Galusha Process
      • Foster-Wheeler Stoic Process
      • Woodall-Duckham Process
      • Fluidized Bed Gasifier
      • Winkler Process
      • Hydrane Process
      • Hygas Process
      • Synthane Process
      • U-Gas Process
      • Coalcon (HYDROCARBONIZATION) Process
      • Pressurized Fluidized Bed Process
      • Carbon Dioxide Acceptor Process
      • Agglomerating Burner Process
      • Coed/Cogas Process
      • Catalytic Gasification Process
      • Entrained -Bed Processes
      • Koppers-Totzek Process
      • Bi-Gas Process
      • Entrained Bed Process
      • Texaco Gasifier
      • Molten Salt Processes
      • Atgas Process
      • Molten Salt (ROCKGAS) Process
      • Pullman-Kellogg Salt Process
      • Underground Gasification
      • Chamber Method
      • Borehole Producer Method
      • Stream Method
      • Shaftless Methods
    • Direct Liquefaction Processes
      • Pyrolysis Processes
      • Lurgi-Ruhrgas Process
      • Coed (Char-Oil Energy Development) Process
      • Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process
      • Toscoal Process
      • Clean Coke Process
      • Coalcon Process
      • Solvent Extraction Processes
      • Consol Synthetic Fuel (CSF) Processes
      • Costeam Process
      • Extractive Coking Process
      • Extraction By Supercritical Fluids
      • Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)
      • Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) Process
      • Solvent Refined Lignite (SRL) Process
      • Uop Process
      • Catalytic Liquefaction Processes
      • H-Coal Process
      • Synthoil Process
      • Gulf Catalytic Coal Liquids (CCL) Process
      • Multistage Liquefaction Process
      • Bergius Process
      • University Of Utah Process
      • Schroeder Process
      • Liquid Phase Zinc Chloride Process
      • Fischer-Tropsch Process
      • Methanol Synthesis
      • Methanol-To-Gasoline
    • Coal Combustion Systems
      • Fixed Or Slowly Moving Beds
      • Updraft Combustion
      • Downdraft Combustion
      • Underfeed Firing
      • Suspension Firing
      • Comparing Suspension And Fuel-Bed Firing
      • Pulverized-Coal Furnaces
      • Pulverizers
      • Fluidized Bed Combustion
      • Entrained Systems
      • Cyclone Furnaces
      • Common Pollutants Formed During Coal Combustion
      • Sulfur Emissions
      • Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
      • Particle Emissions
    • Coal Carbonization Systems
      • High Temperature Carbonization
      • Low Temperature Carbonization
  • End Uses Of Coal-Based Products
    • Coal Gasification Products
      • Synthesis Gas
      • Hydrogen
      • Ammonia
      • Urea And Melamine Resins
      • Methanol
      • Carbon Dioxide
      • Formaldehyde
      • Acetic Acid
      • Acetic Anhydride
      • Cresylics
      • Carbon Monoxide
    • Coal Liquefaction Products
    • Coal Combustion Products
      • Fly Ash
      • Bottom Ash
      • Boiler Slag
      • Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Material
    • Coal Carbonization
      • Benzene
      • Toluene
      • Xylenes
      • Phenol
      • Naphthalene
      • Phthalic Anhydride
      • Carbon Black
  • Potential New Coal-Based Technologies
    • Introduction
    • Clean Coal Technology And Other Doe Programs
      • Coal-Based Liquid/Solid Fuels And Feedstocks
      • Programs By Type
    • Commercial Successes Of Clean Coal Technology Programs
    • Description Of Clean Coal And Other Doe Programs
      • Environmental Control Technologies
      • Doe's Innovations For Existing Plants - Helping Achieve Clear Skies
      • Gasification Technologies
      • Environmental Benefits
      • Efficiency Benefits
      • Carbon Capture And Storage Or Carbon Sequestration (CCS)
      • Advanced Combustion Technologies
      • New Focus On Hybrid Technology
      • Coal Utilization Science
      • Bioprocessing Of Coal
  • International Coal-Based Product Markets
    • Major Companies And Market Share In The United States
      • Basin Electric Power Cooperative In North Dakota
      • Eastman Chemical Company
      • Rentech
    • By Application Segments
  • Projected Production Of Coal-Based Products
    • Synthesis Gas Products (Coal Gasification And Liquefaction)
      • Hydrogen
      • Carbon Dioxide
      • Methanol
      • Ammonia
      • Urea
      • Acetic Acid And Acetic Anhydride
      • Cresylics
      • Phenol
      • Coal Combustion Products
    • Carbonization Products
      • Coke
      • Benzene
      • Toluene
      • Xylenes
      • Carbon Black
      • Phthalic Anhydride
      • Carbon Pitch
  • Projected Consumption Of Coal-Based Products
    • Synthesis Gas Products (Coal Gasification And Liquefaction)
      • Hydrogen
      • Carbon Dioxide
      • Methanol
      • Ammonia, Synthetic Anhydrous
      • Urea
      • Acetic Acid And Acetic Anhydride
      • Cresylics
      • Phenol
    • Coal Combustion Products
    • Coal Carbonization Products
      • Coke
      • Benzene
      • Toluene
      • Xylenes
      • Carbon Black
      • Phthalic Anhydride
  • Characteristics Of Major Industries
    • Coal Gasification And Liquefaction Products
      • Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (325193), (325199)
      • Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing (325311)
      • Industrial Gas Manufacturing (325120)
      • Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing (325314)
      • Wood Preservation (321114)
    • Coal Combustion Products
      • Asphalt Paving Mixture And Block Manufacturing (324121)
      • Asphalt Shingle And Coating Materials Manufacturing (324122)
      • All Other Petroleum And Coal Products Manufacturing (324199)
    • Coal Carbonization Products
      • Inorganic Dye And Pigment Manufacturing (325131)
      • Plastic Material And Resin Manufacturing (325211)
      • Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing (325212)
      • Printing Ink Manufacturing (325910)
      • Carbon And Graphite Product Manufacturing (335991)
  • Trends In Price/ Performance
    • Coal Prices
    • Coal-Based Chemical And Product Sales And Performance
    • Coal Gasification/Liquefaction Products
      • Prices By Industry For Coal Gasification/Liquefaction Products
    • Coal Combustion Products
      • Coal Combustion Product Prices By Industry
    • Coal Carbonization Products
      • Coal Carbonization Product Prices By Industry
  • Growth Opportunities For Coal-Based Products
  • Other Factors Influencing Demand
  • Government Regulation
  • U.S. Patent Analysis
    • Patents By Type
  • General Technology Issues
    • Coal Gasification Issues
    • Coal Liquefaction Issues
    • Coal Combustion Issues
    • Environmental Issues
  • Technology Issues By Technology Type
    • Coal Gasification
    • Coal Liquefaction
    • Coal Combustion
  • Conclusion
• Bibliography
  • Bibliography
• List Of Figures
  • Summary Table: U.S. Sales Forecast Of Coal-Related Products, Through 2011 ($ Billions)
  • Table 1 Chemistry Of Coal-Based Products
  • Table 2 Coal Rank Classifications And Characteristics
  • Table 3 Sulfur Content In Coal From U.S. Coal Reserves (Mg/Mj)
  • Table 4 Average Bulk Composition Of A Class F Fly Ash
  • Table 5 Average Bulk Composition Of A Class C Fly Ash
  • Table 6 Typical Bulk Composition Of A Fluidized Bed Combustion Fly Ash
  • Table 7 Particle Size Distribution Of Bottom Ash (Percent By Weight Passing)
  • Table 8 Chemical Composition Of Selected Bottom Ash (Percent By Weight)
  • Table 9 Particle Size Distribution Of Boiler Slag (Percent By Weight Passing)
  • Table 10 Chemical Composition Of Selected Boiler Slag Samples (Percent By Weight)
  • Table 11 Major Components Of Fgd Scrubber Material From Different Coal Types And Scrubbing Processes (Percent By Weight)
  • Table 12 Technology Of Coal Manufacturing
  • Table 13 Coal Gasification Reactions
  • Table 14 Coal Combustion Reactions
  • Table 15 The Effect Of Temperature On Gas Composition During Carbonization
  • Table 16 Coal Gasification Processes
  • Table 17 Coal Liquefaction Processes
  • Table 18 Coal Combustion Processes
  • Table 19 Coal Carbonization Processes
  • Table 20 Key Coal-Based Products, By Process Type
  • Table 21 Major Chemicals From Ammonia, U.S. 2000 And 2001 (Billion Lbs)
  • Table 22 Coal Liquefaction Products
  • Table 23 Fischer-Tropsch Products Obtained At Sasol
  • Table 24 Types Of Coal Combustion Products And Their Characteristics
  • Table 25 Uses Of Coal Combustion Products
  • Table 26 Coal Tar Chemicals
  • Table 27 Analysis Of Typical Coke Oven Crude Light Oil
  • Table 28 Chemical Reactions Of Pollutants
  • Table 29 Number Of Existing And Expected Coal Plants By Country
  • Table 30 Clean Coal Processes
  • Table 31 Clean Coal Technology Programs By End Product, 2001-2006
  • Table 32 Assignees Of Three Or More Clean Coal Technology Funding Programs, 2001-2006
  • Table 33 Clean Coal Technology Programs Commercial Successes
  • Table 34 Technological Benefits From The Clean Coal Technology Program
  • Table 35 Environmental Benefits Obtained From Clean Coal Technology Program
  • Table 36 International Manufacturers Of Coal-Related Products, 2006 (Market Share/Dollar Sales)
  • Table 37 International Coal-Based Product Manufacturers By Size, 2006
  • Table 38 Manufacturers Of Coal-Related Products In The United States, 2006 (Market Share/Dollar Sales)
  • Table 39 U.S. Coal-Based Product Manufacturers By Size And Sales Category, 2006
  • Table 40 U.S. Coal-Processing Companies By Coal-Based Product, 2006
  • Table 41 U.S. Coal Trade By Type, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 42 End Year Coal Stocks By Sector, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 43 Average Coal-Based Product Stocks, Through 2011
  • Table 44 Estimated Coal Production By Coal Type, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 45 Estimated Coal-Based Chemical And Products Production From Coal, Through 2011
  • Table 46 Estimated Coal-Based Chemical And Products Value Of Shipments, Through 2011
  • Table 47 Estimated Hydrogen Production, Through 2011 (Miillion Cubic Feet)
  • Table 48 Estimated Carbon Dioxide Production, Through 2011 (Miillion Cubic Feet)
  • Table 49 Estimated Methanol Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 50 Estimated Ammonia Production, Through 2011 (Million Cubic Feet)
  • Table 51 Estimated Urea Production, Through 2011 (Million Cubic Feet)
  • Table 52 Estimated Acetic Acid Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 53 Estimated Acetic Anhydride Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 54 Estimated Cresylics Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 55 Estimated Phenol Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 56 Estimated Ccp Production, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 57 U.S. Coke Production, Through 2011 (Thousand Short Tons)
  • Table 58 Estimated Benzene Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 59 Estimated Toluene Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 60 Estimated Mixed Xylene Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 61 Estimated Carbon Black Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 62 Estimated Phthalic Anhydride Production, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 63 Estimated Carbon Pitch Production, Through 2011 (Million Metric Tons)
  • Table 64 Estimated Coal Consumption By Sector, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 65 Estimated Coal Consumption By U.S. Census Area, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 66 Estimated Coal-Based Chemical And Products Consumption, Through 2011
  • Table 67 Estimated Hydrogen Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Cubic Feet)
  • Table 68 Estimated Carbon Dioxide Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Metric Tons)
  • Table 69 Estimated Methanol Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 70 Estimated Ammonia Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Cubic Feet)
  • Table 71 Estimated Urea Consumption, Through 2011) (Million Cubic Feet)
  • Table 72 Estimated Acetic Acid Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Lbs Per Year)
  • Table 73 Estimated Acetic Anhydride Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Lbs Per Year)
  • Table 74 Estimated Cresylics Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 75 Estimated Phenol Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 76 Estimated Ccp Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Short Tons)
  • Table 77 U.S. Coke Consumption, Through 2006 (Thousand Short Tons)
  • Table 78 Estimated Benzene Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 79 Estimated Toluene Consumption, Through 2011 (Million Gallons Per Year)
  • Table 80 Estimated Mixed Xylenes Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Lbs Per Year)
  • Table 81 Estimated Carbon Black Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Pounds Per Year)
  • Table 82 Estimated Phthalic Anhydride Consumption, Through 2011 (Millions Of Lbs Per Year)
  • Table 83 Materials Consumed By Industry Type For Coal-Based Products Type (Dollars And Percent Of Total Cost Of Raw Materials Consumed)
  • Table 84 Total Value Of Shipments By Industry ($ Billions)
  • Table 85 Average Delivered Price Of Coal By Sector, Through 2011 ($ Millions)
  • Table 86 Sales Of Coal-Based Products, Through 2011 ($ Millions)
  • Table 87 Average Prices Of Coal Gasification/Liquefaction Products, Through 2011 (DOLLARS)
  • Table 88 Price Per Unit, By Industry Type For Coal Gasification/Liquefaction Based Products, Through 2011 ($)
  • Table 89 Average Prices Of Coal-Based Products, By Product, Through 2011 ($)
  • Table 90 Price Per Unit, By Industry Type For Coal Combustion Products, Through 2011 ($)
  • Table 91 Average Prices Of Coal Carbonization Products, Through 2011 ($)
  • Table 92 Average Delivered Price Of Coal For Coke Plants, By Area Through 2011 ($)
  • Table 93 Price Per Unit, By Industry Type For Coal Carbonization Products (2003-2011)
  • Table 94 Government Regulations For Coal Processing
  • Table 95 Coal-Based Product Patents By End Product, 2001-2006
  • Table 96 Assignees Of Three Or More U.S. Patents Related To Coal-Based Products, 2001-2006
• List Of Figures
  • Summary Figure: U.S. And Global Sales Of Coal-Related Products And Equipment, 2003-2011 ($ Billions)
  • Figure 1 An Example Of The Chemical Structure Of Coal
  • Figure 2 Sulfur Content In Coal From U.S. Coal Reserves (Mg/Mj)
  • Figure 3 Coal Carbonization Products (%)
  • Figure 4 Coal Gasification Equipment
  • Figure 5 Eastman Chemical Gasification Process
  • Figure 6 Main Uses For Hydrogen By Application 2003 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 7 Main Uses For Ammonia By Application, 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 8 Main Uses For Urea By Application 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 9 Main Uses For Methanol By Application 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 10 Main Uses For Formaldehyde By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses) (%)
  • Figure 11 Main Uses For Acetic Acid By Application 2006 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 12 Main Uses For Acetic Anhydride By Application 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 13 Main Uses For Cresylics By Application 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 14 Amount Of Coal Combustion Products (CCP) Used By Type, 2004 (Percent Of All Types)
  • Figure 15 Main Uses For Fly Ash By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 16 Main Uses For Bottom Ash By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses) (%)
  • Figure 17 Main Uses For Boiler Slag By Application 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 18 Main Uses For Fgd Gypsum By Application 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 19 Main Uses For Fgd Material Wet Scrubbers By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 20 Main Uses For Fgd Material Dry Scrubbers By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 21 Main Uses For Fgd Ash By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 22 Chemical Structure Of Coal Tar Distillation Products
  • Figure 23 Main Uses For Benzene By Application 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 24 Main Uses For Toluene By Application, 2006 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 25 Main Uses For Xylenes By Application, 2004 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 26 Main Uses For Phenol By Application, 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 27 Main Uses For Phthalic Anhydride By Application, 2006 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 28 Main Uses For Carbon Black By Application 2005 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 29 Representation Of Source Emmisions From Fossil Fuels
  • Figure 30 Percent Of U.S. Clean Coal Technology Programs By Region, 2006 (%)
  • Figure 31 Clean Coal Programs By Technology, 2006 (Percent Of All Companies In Sample)
  • Figure 32 Nox And So2 Emission Trends (Million Short Tons)
  • Figure 33 Percent Of International Coal-Based Product Processing Plants By Region, 2006 (Percent Of All Companies In Sample)
  • Figure 34 Key International Coal-Processing Companies, By Process Type, 2006 (Percent Of All Companies In Sample)
  • Figure 35 International Coal-Processing Companies By Coal-Based Product, 2006 (Percent Of All Companies In Sample)
  • Figure 36 Percent Of Us Coal Processing Plants By Region, 2006 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 37 U.S. Coal-Based Product Companies By Process, 2006 (Percent Of All Main Uses)
  • Figure 38 Amount Of Coal Combustion Products (CCPS) Produced By Type, 2004 (Percent Of All Types)
  • Figure 39 Application Use To Production Rate For Coal Combustion Products, 2004 (%)
  • Figure 40 Prices Per Ton For Coal Combustion Products (CCPS), 2004 (%)
  • Figure 41 Schematic Of Futuregen Plant
  • Figure 42 Coal-Based Product Patents By Region For United States Patent Analysis, 2006
  • Figure 43 Coal-Based Product Patents By Region For United States Patent Analysis, 2006 (%)
  • Figure 44 Coal-Based Product Patents By Patent Type For United States Patent Analysis, 2006 (%)