Nuclear Power in Europe

Publication Date	January 2008
Publisher	Synergyst
Product Type	Report
Pages	120
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	SYG03200

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Summary

As of September 30, 2007 there was a total of 197 nuclear power plant units with an installed electric net capacity of 169,842 MWe in operation in Europe and 12 units with 9,991 MWe were under construction in five countries. France has been Europe's most enthusiastic devotee of nuclear power, constructing dozens of reactors since the 1970s oil crises spurred on its desire for energy independence. It has become the world's biggest net exporter of electricity, and is also a major exporter of nuclear technology.

The report Nuclear Power in Europe analyzes the energy situation in Europe and why the continent is in need of utilizing nuclear power to serve its growing need for energy and power. The report begins with an overview of nuclear power and an overview of the electricity industry in Europe. Since nuclear power is primarily used for generating electricity, it is important to gage the status of the electricity generating market in Europe.

Moving on, the report focuses on the present nuclear power plants in Europe, looking at the installed nuclear capacity and comparing nuclear versus the total generating capacity in the European Union countries and the rest of Europe. No analysis of nuclear power is complete without an economical analysis of the technology, and this research report undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the generation costs, capital costs, decommissioning costs and others as relegated to nuclear power in Europe.

Europe's battle with extending the life of its nuclear power and power upratings is also discussed in the report, along with an all-inclusive view of the serious issue of radioactive waste management and plant decommissioning. This section also undertakes a country-wise analysis of the status of spent fuel and radioactive fuel management.

Institutional and regulatory frameworks are all described in the report, along with the public attitude towards nuclear power in Europe. The report also takes a look at the organizational structures involved in the entire radioactive fuel management process. The government's role in promoting nuclear power in the future, development of a comprehensive Energy Policy Framework, and the factors affecting the development of new nuclear power plants are analyzed in-depth as these go a long way in shaping the future of Europe's nuclear power industry. Country-wise national nuclear programs conclude this complete guide to nuclear power in Europe.

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Content

I. Executive Summary
II. Introduction to Nuclear Power
- A. What Is Nuclear Power?
- B. History of Nuclear Power
- I. Origins of Nuclear Power
- II. 1950-1990
- III. Development of Nuclear Power
- D. Usage of Nuclear Power
- E. Current Market Status
- F. Factors Affecting Development of The Industry
- I. High Safety Risk Associated with Nuclear Power
- II. Reliability Issues
- III. Economic Competitiveness of Nuclear Power
- IV. Finance Issues
- V. Environmental Issues
- VI. Public & Political Acceptance
- VII. Conservation of Fossil Fuels
- VIII. Non-Proliferation Issues
- G. Future of Nuclear Power
III. Analysis of The European Electricity Market
- A. Electricity Market Overview
- B. Aging Generating Capacity of Europe
- C. Rising Demand for Energy & Issues with Europe's Platform of Energy Mix
- I. Rising Emissions of Carbon & Growth in Energy Demand
- II. Supply Security Issues
- III. Issues with Nuclear Power
- IV. Issues with Physically Securing A Nuclear Power Plant
IV. Nuclear Power Plants in Europe
- A. Installed Nuclear Capacity
- I. European Union
- II. Rest of Europe
- B. Comparing Nuclear vs. Total Generating Capacity
- I. European Union
- II. Rest of Europe
- V. Analysis of Economics & Performance of Present Nuclear Power Plants
- A. Introduction
- B. Generation Costs
- I. Capital Costs
- II. Costs Related to Operation & Maintenance
- III. Fuel Costs
- IV. Decommissioning Costs
- V. Waste Management Costs
- VI. Taxes
- VII. Other External Costs
VI. Extending The Life of The European Nuclear Power Plants
- A. Licensed Life & Reactor Age
- B. Closure of Planned & Present Reactors without Life Extensions
- C. Implementing Power Uprates - in Progress & Planned
VII. Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power in Europe
- A. Results of Euro Barometer Survey
- B. Public Approach towards Nuclear Power
VIII. Outlook for Nuclear Power in Europe
- A. Role of The Eu Policy Euratom
- B. Country-Wise Analysis of Government Stance on Nuclear Power
- I. Eu-25
- II. Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia
- III. Switzerland, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia
- C. Pro-Nuclear Stances of Electricity Companies & Industries
- D. Challenges to Further Development
IX. Factors Affecting The Development of New Nuclear Power Plants
- A. Introduction
- B. Present-Day Nuclear Power Plant Technologies
- I. Performance of Present-Day Technologies
- II. Rising Favor of Large Unit Capacity
- III. Reactors Being Considered for Future Nuclear Power Plants
- IV. Emergence of High Temperature Reactors
- C. Ensuring Fuel Procurement & The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
- I. Evolving Consumption of Nuclear Fuel in Europe
- II. Dependency on External Sources of Uranium
- III. Conversion Requirements
- IV. Export of Enrichment Capacity
- V. Self-Sufficiency in Fuel Fabrication
- VI. Recycling of Nuclear Materials
- D. Managing of Radioactive Wastes & Decommissioning
- X. Feasibility & Economics of New Nuclear Power Plants
- A. Construction Costs & Timeframe
- I. Overnight Construction Costs
- II. Costs for Ongoing Projects
- III. Costs for Future Generation 3 Projects
- IV. Role of Construction Time
- B. Influence of O&M Costs
- C. Rising Fuel Costs
- D. Costs Associated with Decommissioning
- E. Key Conditioning Factors
- F. Investment & Market Risk
- G. Investment & Regulatory Risk
- H. Investment & Risks Related to Lead Time
XI. Developing An Energy Policy Framework
- A. Eu 25
- B. Other Western European Countries
- C. Eastern European Countries
- D. Russia
XII. Developing Nuclear Power in Europe with Brand New Technologies
- A. Implications for Future Nuclear Energy Systems
- B. Focus on Future Technologies
- I. Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor
- II. Gas Cooled Fast Reactor
- III. Lead Cooled Fast Reactor
- IV. High Temperature Nuclear Process Heat & Hydrogen Production
- C. Europe's 4th Generation Nuclear Power Systems
- D. Role of 'Sustainable Nuclear Fission Technology Platform'
- E. Transitioning to Fast Reactors
- F. Europe's Involvement in The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
- G. Future Outlook
XIII. Status of National Programs
- A. Belgium
- B. Czech Republic
- C. France
- D. Finland
- E. Germany
- F. Hungary
- G. Italy
- H. Poland
- I. Romania
- J. Russia
- K. Spain
- L. Sweden
- M. Switzerland
- N. UK
XIII. Appendix and Glossary