EU Low Carbon Society Challenge & Environmental Business Market

Publication Date	December 2008
Publisher	Fuji-Keizai
Product Type	Report
Pages	188
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	FUJ00064

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Summary

This report clarifies the present and future CO2 reduction efforts of the European Union. With the aim of realizing a low carbon society on a global scale, the EU's programs are advanced and superior, serving to create an environment business market and a business opportunity.

Introduction

It is said that the 21st century is an environmental century, and industry has already entered the development stage for environmental business. Compared with other advanced countries, the EU in particular is committed to the idea that ""anti-warming measures are a business chance."" For example, during the period from 2006-2010, employment will increase by 49% in the solar energy sector in Germany, and a 74% increase is expected in the geothermal energy sector. The U.K., too, has expressed its commitment to increasing the reduction target of its greenhouse gas emissions.

The U.S.A. pledges comprehensive alternative energy development that President-elect Barack Obama has indicated will include CO2 reductions and an anticipated annual expenditure of 150 billion dollars over the next 10 years. Democratic Party members of the lower House of Representatives have already announced ambitious "greenhouse gas reduction legislation." In addition, CO2 trading has begun, with ten states in the U.S. Northeast, including New York, taking steps to strengthen warming measures ahead of the federal government.

In Japan, a drastic plan from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry will lead to further energy savings and reduction of CO2, since the Industrial Revitalization Law has added a tax incentive plan. Furthermore, details of the CO2 trading scheme are being decided and recruitment of companies to participate in the trading has begun.

Among the advanced countries, where each country activates its own green policy, a challenge is emerging and the EU is ahead in establishing superior measures for a low carbon society. Activation and reinforcement of the environmental business in EU is a strategy aimed at global economic benefit.

This report will describe the following:

The action of each country in the EU for CO2 discharge reduction
The present conditions and the future of renewable energy
Reduction targets and treatment measures at the national level
The reduction activities of major companies, according to industry
A prediction about the business opportunity in the environmental business market

Content

Executive Summary
1. Overview of EU Emission of CO2
- 1.1 Current European Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by Industry
  - Table 1-1: CO2 Emissions by Sector in 2005 (million tons of CO2)
  - Figure 1-1: Current Total EU COs Emissions by Sector
  - Table 1-2: Current Total EU COs Emissions by Sector Highlighting EU ETS Sectors
  - Table 1-3: Past and Current Levels by Sector CO2 Emissions in Europe(million tons)
- 1.2 Emissions of CO2 by Country in EU
  - Table 1-4: CO2 Emissions by Country in 1990 and 2006(million tons)
- 1.3 Targeted Level in Future by Country
  - Table1-5: Individual Country's CO2 Emissions Progress on Kyoto Target
  - Table 1-6: Country-by-Country Emissions of CO2 (excluding carbon sinks) compared with Kyoto targets 1990 to 2006
2. EU Government Action for Goal of Reduction CO2: Current and New Regulations
- 2.1 Quick Overview of The EU Government Actions
- Table 2-1: Quick Overview
  - 2.1.1 Current Regulation
- Table 2-2: Current Directives
  - 2.1.2 New Regulation and Impact
- Table 2-3: New regulations and directives
3. European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS)
- 3.1 The EU Trading Scheme
  - 3.1.1 Phase I
  - 3.1.2 Phase II
- Figure 3-1: Phase II EU ETS Allocations for CO2 Emissions By Country and By Industry Sector Source: Set at Work (final report)
- Table 3-1: Country-by-Country EU ETS National Allocation Plans (Annual Emissions)
  - 3.1.3 Phase III
- Figure 3-2: Emission Reductions Proposed for Phase III post Kyoto
4. Renewable Energies
- 4.1 Biofuels
- 4.2 Fuel Cells
  - Table 4-1: Biofuels Status and Indicative Potential
- 4.2 Fuel Cells
  - Table 4-2: Fuel Cells Status and Indicative Potential
  - Figure 4-1: A European Hydrogen Roadmap
- 4.3 Hydropower
  - Table 4-3: Large Hydropower Generation Status and Potential
- 4.4 Geothermal
  - Table 4-4: Geothermal Status and Potential
- 4.5 Ocean Energy
  - Table 4-5: Ocean Wave Power Status and Indicative Potential
- 4.6 Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
  - Table 4-6: CHP Status and Potential
- 4.7 Solar Thermal Power
  - Table 4-7: Solar Thermal Status and Potential
- 4.8 Solar PV
  - Table 4-8: Solar PV Status and Potential
  - Table 4-9: Annual Photovoltaic Installations, Select Countries in MW (2000-2007)
- 4.9 Wind Power
  - Table 4-10: Forecast Wind Power Status and Indicative Potential
  - Table 4-11: Wind Power Capacity Additions in 2007, Top 10 Countries
  - Table4-12: Cumulative Installed Wind Power Capacity by Selected Country and World, 1980-2007
- 4.10 Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Generation
  - Table 4-13: Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Status and Potential
- 4.11 Related Government Incentive Programs
  - Table 4-14: Market Forecast EU 27 and Incentive Assessment by Segment
5. Major Country Profiles: national Targets and Incentives
- 5.1 National Targets by Country
  - 5.1.1 France
    - Table 5-1: Government Incentives and Measures: France
    - Table 5-2: France CO2 Facts
  - 5.1.2 Germany
    - Table 5-3: Government Incentives and Measures: Germany
    - Figure 5-1: Renewable Energy in Germany 1990-2006
    - Table 5-4: Germany CO2 Facts
  - 5.1.3 UK
    - Table 5-5: Government Incentives and Measures: UK
    - Table 5-6: United Kingdom CO2 Facts
  - 5.1.4 Italy
    - Table 5-7: Government Incentives and Measures: Italy
    - Table 5-8: Italy CO2 Facts
  - 5.1.5 Denmark
    - Table 5-9: Government Incentives and Measures: Denmark
    - Table 5-10: Denmark CO2 Facts
- 5.2 National Environmental Tax Regimes
  - Figure 5-2: All EU Countries have "Green" Taxes
  - Figure 5-3: European level of "green" taxes is at least twice the US level
- 5.3 EU Research Supporting Low Carbon Society
  - Table 5-11: Table Name of Program, Incentives and Implementation
- 5.4 Example of EU funded research project to reduce CO2 emissions
  - Table 5-12: Project Detail
6. EU Companies Activities for CO2 Reductions (Case studies)
- 6.1 Current Big Contributors for CO2 Reductions
- Table 6-1: Company, Technology and How to Reduce
- 6.2 Company Activities for CO2 Reductions
  - 6.2.1 Major Energy Utility Companies
    - Electrabel
    - ENEL
    - Nv NUON
- Figure 6-1: CCS Timeline for NUON projects
  - EDF
  - Vattenfall
  - E.ON
- Figure 6-2: E.ON's Fossil Fuel Roadmap
  - RWE
Figure 6-3: RWE Group's CO2 Reduction Strategy Overview
- Figure 6-4: RWE Vision for Fuel Mix by 2020
  - Iberdrola
- 6.2.2 Major Oil and Gas Industry Players
  - Repsol YPF
  - BP
  - Royal Dutch Shell
  - Total SA
  - 6.2.3 Major Coal Producers
    - Xstrata
    - Anglo American
  - 6.2.4 Major Steel Comapny
    - ArcelorMittal
    - ThyssenKrupp
  - 6.2.5 Major Paper/Pulp Company
    - International Paper
    - SCA
  - 6.2.6 Major Chemical Company
    - Rhodia
    - BASF
    - Dupont
  - 6.2.7 Major Drug/Pharmaceutical Company
  - 6.2.8 Major Glass Product Company
    - St Gobain
    - Pilkington
  - 6.2.9 Major Cement Company
    - Holcim
    - LaFarge
  - 6.2.10 Automobile Manufacturers
    - PSA Peugeot Citron SA
    - Daimler
    - Renault
    - Fiat Group
7 Outlook 2008 to 2020: Market & Business Opportunities
- 7.1EU Directions
- 7.2 EU Forecasts
- 7.3 Market Forecasts & Business Opportunity
  - 7.3.1 Renewable Energy
    - 7.3.1.1 Biofuel Market Forecast
    - Table 7-1: European Biofuels Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015 & 2020
      - Market Players from Europe: Biogas/Biodiesel
      - Market Players from Europe: Biomass
    - Table 7-2: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.2 Fuel Cells Market
    - Table 7-3: Selected Fuel Cell Projects in European Market
    - Table 7-4: Fuel Cell Market Estimated Research, Development & Demonstration Expenditure (Euros million) 2008-2012
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-5: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.3 Hydropower Market Forecast
    - Table 7-6: European Hydropower Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015 & 2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-7: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.4 Geothermal Market Forecast
    - Table 7-8: European Geothermal Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015
      - & 2020
      - Major Market Players Geothermal Heating
      - Major Market Players Geothermal Electricity
    - Table 7-9: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.5 Ocean Energy Market Forecast
    - Table 7-10: Selected Ocean Energy Projects in European Market
    - Table 7-11: Ocean Energy Estimated Research, Development & Demonstration Expenditure (Euros million) 2008-2012
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-12: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.6 Combined Heat & Power (CHP) Market Forecast
    - Table 7-13: European Combined Heat & Power Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015 & 2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-14: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.7 Solar Thermal Power Market Forecast
    - Table 7-15: Solar Thermal Heat and Power Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015&2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-16: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.8 Solar PV Market Forecast
    - Table 7-17: Solar PV Market Forecast (Euros million annually) 2007-2015
      - & 2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-18: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.9 Wind Power Market
    - Table 7-19: European Wind Power Market Forecast (Euros million) 2007-2015
      - & 2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-20: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
    - 7.3.1.9 Carbon Capture & Storage Technologies
    - Table 7-21: Carbon Capture & Storage Estimated Research, Development
      - & Demonstration Expenditure (Euros million) 2007-2012
    - Table 7-22 Selected Large-sized CCS Projects and Funding 2020
      - Major Market Players:
    - Table 7-23: Incentive & Government Fund by Country
- 7.4 Clean-Tech Business Opportunity
  - Technology/Value Proposition/ Market Sector Impacted and Key Companies
  - 7.4.1 Air Pollution Control
  - 7.4.2 Biofuels
  - 7.4.3 Biopolymers
  - 7.4.5 Carbon Sequestration
  - 7.4.6 Demand response
  - 7.4.7 Environmental remediation
  - 7.4.8 Fuel Cells
  - 7.4.9 Green building technologies
  - 7.4.10 Hydrogen
  - 7.4.11 Solar
  - 7.4.12 Solid-state lighting
  - 7.4.13 Thermoelectrics?
  - 7.4.14 Wave/Tidal power
  - 7.4.15 Waste-to-energy
  - 7.4.16 Wind power