Carbon Capture & Storage Technologies

Publication Date	June 2008
Publisher	BCC Research
Product Type	Report
Pages
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	BCC00205

Price

£3,265.00
approximately: $4,849 | €3,842

PDF

Order above formats by FAX

Summary

Study Goals And Objectives

The Goal Of The Study Was To Determine What Technologies Exist To Capture Carbon Dioxide And At What Price. A Further Goal Was To Determine What Technologies Were Emerging That Could Compete With The Existing Technologies Or Displace Them. An Objective Of The Study Was To Determine What The Costs Would Be To The Purchases Of Carbon Capture Equipment And Also What The Impact Would Be On The Consumer. Another Objective Was To Determine Which Companies Owned The Technologies To Capture Carbon Dioxide And To Determine How They Were Positioning Their Technology To Compete Against Other Technologies And If They Were Acquiring New Technologies From Startup Companies.

Reasons For Doing The Study

With Global Warming Receiving Unprecedented Coverage In The Popular Media, And Being Recognized As A Significant Global Problem Requiring The Participation Of Most Of The World's Governments And Peoples To Find A Solution, This Study Seeks To Define Exactly What Is Being Done By Whom With What Expected Results, At What Cost And What Can Be Expected Over The Next 5 Years. It Also Discusses Whether Certain Trends That Are Starting Now Can Be Expected To Continue.

Intended Audience

The Intended Audience Is Those People Who Have An Interest In Reducing Their Corporate Carbon Dioxide Emissions And Companies That May Wish To Invest In, License, Install, Or Acquire Promising Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies. The Report, As An Impartial Presentation Of The Best Available Technologies To Reduce Co2 Emissions From Power Plants, This Report, Should Also Be Of Interest To State Utility Regulators Who Must Make Decisions That Affect Billion Dollar Investments By Corporations As Well As The Future Cost Of Electricity For The Rate Payers.

This Report Should Also Be Of Interest To Subcontractors In The Electric Power Construction Industry, Pipe Manufacturers, And Pipe Fitters, As New Electric Power Projects That Capture Carbon Dioxide Will Need To Pipe It From The Site To A Storage Facility.

Scope Of The Report

The Report Examines Global Markets For Carbon Dioxide Capture And Storage Technology, The Status Of The Competing Carbon Capture Technologies As Well As Global Technological Research And Developments For Carbon Capture Technologies To Prevent Global Warming. It Also Covers Technologies Able To Capture Carbon Dioxide From Stationary Sources At The Point Of Emission. This Report Does Not Cover Technologies That Are Used To Capture Other Global Warming Gases Such As Methane.

Methodology

The Initial Task Was To Determine The Technologies Most Suited To Capture Carbon Dioxide For Electric Power Applications And Determine The Cost Of Those Technologies Based On The Cost Per Megawatt (Mw) Of Capacity. The Second Step Was To Determine Which Companies Were Providing The Technologies And Which Companies Were Buying And Why. The Third Step Was To Compile A List Of The Projects For Each Of The Three Key Technologies Including The Location, The Project Owner, The Expected Cost Of The Project, The Size Of The Project In Megawatts, How Much Carbon Dioxide The Project Intends To Capture Per Year, And The Provider Of The Carbon Capture Technologies. Those Projects Expected To Start In The 2007 To 2012 Time Frame Form The Basis For The Forecast Of Growth For The Carbon Capture Technologies Examined In This Report.

As Well As Counting The Number Of New Projects, Another Step Involved Was Counting Existing Projects Employing The Same Technologies To Determine Historic And Current Values For These Technologies. These Technologies Have Found Widespread Use In Other Industries And Applications Not Related To The Electric Utility And Not Always Related To Capturing Carbon Dioxide. The World's Oxygen Market Is Discussed Briefly To Show The Place Of Oxy-Combustion Activity In Other Applications

The Study Needed To Determine How Much Carbon Dioxide Needs To Be Captured In Billions Of Metric Tons (Mt) Each Year In Order To Bring World Carbon Dioxide Emissions Back To The Levels Produced In 1990. The Kyoto Treaty Calls For Reductions Of Carbon Dioxide Below The Levels Of 1990, And More Stringent Goals Are Expected To Be Negotiated In The Next 2 Years, But 1990 Was Chosen As A Baseline For Estimates In This Report.

Another Step Was To Determine How Much Carbon Dioxide In Millions Of Metric Tons Is Being Captured For The World Merchant Gas Market, How Much Carbon Dioxide Is Being Consumed In The Manufacture Of Other Chemicals And Products, And How Much Is Being Consumed By A Tertiary Method Of Oil Recovery Known As Enhanced Oil Recovery (Eor). This Step Included Identifying The Sources Of Carbon Dioxide Used In These Applications By Company, And Included Estimates Of Production For The U.S. And The Rest Of The World

A Thorough Search Of Thomas.Gov And Other Reliable Sources Was Made To Determine The Many Bills Pending Before Congress That Will Affect The Regulation Of Co2. A Search For State Records Was Also Made To Find U.S. State Legislation Now In Effect Governing The Emission Of Co2. Regulation Of Co2 On The International And National Level Is The Driving Force In Co2 Capture And Those Regulations Were Surveyed As Well.

U.S. Patents Were Examined, And More Than 100 Research Projects Taking Place In The U.S., Europe, Canada, And Australia Also Were Examined To Determine What New Technologies Were Emerging That Offer Cheaper Co2 Capture. All Of These Sources Were Viewed Together To Determine The Overall Value Of Carbon Dioxide Capture Over The Next 5 Years.

Information Sources

Sources Of Information Include United Nation, U.S., European, Canadian, Chinese, Japanese, Australian, Brazilian, And Indian Government Reports, Studies, Research Abstracts And Status Reports, Press Releases, Conference Presentations, And Telephone And E-Mail Communication. Corporate Information Includes Annual Reports, Quarterly Reports, Press Releases, Information From Corporate Websites, Corporate Presentations To Analysts, Conference Presentations, And Published Speeches By Corporate Executives As Well As Telephone And E-Mail Communications. This Report Also Includes Information From Television Reports And The Print Media. Most Information Was Published Between January 2005 And December 2007.

Analyst Credentials

Alton Parrish Has Been An Editor Of Battery And Ev News And Fuel Cell Technology News And Has Contributed To Other Bcc Newsletters. He Has Authored Bcc Research Reports That Covered Hydrogen Generation For Fuel Cells, Commercial Amino Acids, Electric Vehicles, Fuel Cell Technology, Holography, Portable Battery-Powered Products, And Portable Power Devices.

Content

Egy037b-
Introduction
Study Goals And Objectives
Reasons For Doing The Study
Intended Audience
Scope Of The Report
Methodology
Information Sources
Analyst Credentials
Related Reports
Bcc Online Services
Disclaimer
Summary
Summary Table Value Cumulative Capital Base Of Carbon Capture Technologies, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Summary Figure Cumulative Capital Base For Carbon Capture Technologies Worldwide, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Overview
Technologies Examined
Technologies Examined
Users Of The Carbon Capture Technologies
Other Factors
Other Factors
Table Comparison Cost Of Electricity With Carbon Capture Technology, 2007
Figure Cost Per Kwh For Carbon Capture Technology, 2007
Pre-Combustion: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
Table Worldwide Igcc Plant Growth Projections: Syngas Production Vs Electricity Production, Through 2012 (Mwth* Vs Mwe**)
Table Worldwide Igcc Plant Growth Projections: Cumulative Value Of Syngas And Electric Plants, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Figure Worldwide Igcc Plant Application Projections: Syngas Vs Electricity, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Igcc Electric Power Plants
Table U.S. And Row Igcc Capital Base Projections, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected U.S. And Row Igcc Megawatt Base For Power, Through 2012 (Mw)
Table U.S. Power From Traditional Coal Plants Vs Igcc Coal Plants, 2007 (Mw)
Figure U.S. Market Shares Of Electric Power: Traditional Coal-Fired Vs. Igcc Coal Power, 2007 (Mw)
Igcc Application Market
Igcc Application Distribution
Figure Igcc Technology Applications, 2007 (%)
Figure Utility Gasification Project Market Shares
By Company, 2007
Table Igcc Application Market Shares, 2007
Technology Distribution
Figure Igcc Market Shares By Company Syngas Production, 2007 (%)
Table Gasification Company Market Shares By Syngas Output And Number Of Projects, 2007 (Nm3/D)
Table Projected U.S. And Rest Of World Igcc Megawatt Base For Power, Through 2012 (Mw/No. Of Projects)
Figure Projected U.S. And Rest Of World Igcc Growth, 2005-2012 (Mw)
Table Planned Megawatts Of Igcc Power Plants Worldwide By Country, 2012 (Mw)
Figure Worldwide Igcc Market Share Projections By Country Based On Megawatt Capacity, 2012 (%)
Igcc Applications: Us Igcc Plants And Projects
Table U.S. Igcc Plants, 1995-2012
Table Post-2012 U.S. Announced U.S. Igcc Projects
Rest Of World Igcc Projects
Table Rest Of World Igcc Projects, To 2012
Table Post-2012 Rest Of World Igcc Projects
Igcc Technology
Table Coal Plant Efficiency Comparison Of Igcc, Subcritical Pc, Supercritical Pc, And Ultra Supercritical Pc By Coal Type (%)
Igcc Major Components
Table Major Igcc Components: Cost And Plant Function (%)
Coal Handling Equipment
Gasifier
Moving-Bed Reactors
Fluidized-Bed Reactors
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion
Entrained-Flow Reactors
Syngas Cleanup
Combined Cycle Power Block
Balance Of Igcc Plant
Table Worldwide Market Projections For On-Site Pre-Combustion Components, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
Figure Schematic Igcc Process
Methods Of Manufacture
New Developments
Process Economics
Table Average Ngcc, Pc, And Igcc Power Plant Capital Costs Without And With Co2 Capture, 2007 ($/Million Mw)
Process Comparison
Table Environmental Advantages Of Igcc Vs Best Pc
Table Comparison Of Igcc, Subcritical Pc, And Supercritical Pc Co2 Emissions (Lb/Mwh)
Table Comparison Of Ge, Conocophillips, And Shell Technologies Costs And Efficiency
Product Development
Environmental Advantages
Table Igcc Environmental Attributes
Table Igcc Vs Pc With Advanced Pollution Controls Environmental Comparison
Industry Structure And Competitive Analysis
Table Worldwide Projected Market Shares Of Igcc For Electricity By Market Leader, 2007-2012
Figure Worldwide Projected Company Market Shares Of Igcc Electric Projects, 2007-2012 (%)
Industry Drivers
Table Igcc Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Strategies
Shifts
Trade Practices
Evolution Of The Industry
Table Pre-Combustion Technology History, 18122007
Industry Impacts
Regulatory Environment
Importance Of Patents
Patents By Application
Table U.S. Co2 Capture Patents By Application Type, 20042007
Figure U.S. Co2 Capture Patents By Application, 20042007 (%)
Patent Technology By Region
Table U.S. Co2 Patents By Region, 20022007
Figure U.S. Co2 Patents By Region, 20022007 (%)
Patents By Year
Table U.S. Patents By Year, 20042007
Importance Of Research
Importance Of Research (Continued)
Oxy-Fuel Combustion Carbon Capture
Table Worldwide Oxygen Application Markets, 2007 ($ Billions)
Figure Worldwide Market Shares Of Oxygen Applications, 2007 (%)
Table U.S. And World Oxygen Market Projections, Through 2012 ($ Billions/Bcf/Mmt)
Technology Market For Oxy-Fuel Combustion Carbon Capture
Table Projected Worldwide Utility Market For Combustion Technology Products, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Application Market Oxy-Fuel
Table Oxy-Fuel Projects Worldwide, 19972008
Table Projected Oxy-Fuel Projects Worldwide, 20072012
Application Market Oxy-Fuel
Oxy-Combustion Technology
Major Oxy-Fuel Power Generation Components
Table Major Oxy-Combustion Component Costs, 2007 (%)
Air Separation Unit
Boiler-Turbine-Generator
Co2 Cooler/Condenser/Compressor
Air Pollution Controls
Figure Schematic Oxy-Fuel System
Process Economics
Table Cost Of State Of The Art 740 Mw Pc Oxy-Combustion Plant With Co2 Capture, 2007
Table Ultra-Supercritical Oxy-Fuel Costs Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Oxy-Fuel Component Coe, 2007 (C/Kwh/%)
Figure Coe For Oxy-Fuel Power Plant By Component, 2007 (%)
Process Comparison
Table Ultra-Supercritical Oxy-Fuel Performance Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Auxiliary Power Loss For Oxy-Fuel Power Plant
Figure Oxy-Fuel Average Auxiliary Power Loss Per Mw, 2007 (%)
Product Development
Environmental Advantages
Table Oxy-Fuel Environmental Advantages
Industry Structure And Competitive Analysis: Combustion
Industry Market Shares
Table Oxy-Fuel For Utility Applications Market Shares, 2007 ($ Millions)
Figure Oxy-Fuel For Utility Applications Market Shares, 2007 (%)
Industry Drivers
Table Oxy-Fuel Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Strategies
Shifts
Trade Practices
Trade Practices (Continued)
Evolution Of The Industry
Table History Of The Industry: Major Developments
Industry Impacts
Regulatory Environment
Patents
Importance Of Research
Table Oxy-Fuel Research Needs
Post-Combustion Carbon Capture
Technology Market For Post-Combustion Ccs
Table Projected Worldwide Value Of Post Combustion Storage Projects And Ongoing Eor, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Post Combustion Recovery Application Market
Table Projected Worldwide Value Of Co2 Capture Projects, Co2 Capture, And Value Of Co2, Through 2012
Figure Projected Worldwide Market Share Of Ccs Technologies By Country And Metric Tons Of Co2 Captured, 2012 (%)
Table Carbon Capture Projects By Country, 2012 (Mmt/Yr Of Co2 Captured)
Table Projected U.S. And Foreign Co2 Storage Projects, 20072012 ($ Millions)
Technology: Chemical Stripping
Technology: Chemical Stripping
Figure Schematic Of Power Generation And Co2 Sequestration
Major Post-Combustion Ccs Chemical Stripping Components
Flue Gas Supply/So2 Polishing
Co2 Absorption
Circulating Water System
Water Wash Section
Rich/Lean Amine Heat Exchange System
Solvent Stripper
Solvent Stripper Reclaimer
Steam Condensate
Corrosion Inhibitor System
Gas Compression And Drying System
Figure Schematic Of An Amine Treatment System
Process Economics
Table Amine Scrubbing Costs Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Amine Ccs Component Cost Of Electricity Kwh And Percentage Of Coe Kwh
Figure Amine Ccs Component Cost Of Electricity (%)
Table Capital Costs For A 720 Mw Coal Power Plant, ,000 Mt Co2 A Day Ccs Retrofit, 2007
Figure Cost Shares By Major Component For 720 Mw Chp, 2007 (%)
Process Comparisons
Table Ultra-Supercritical Amine Performance Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Ammonia Ccs Technology
Figure Ammonia Co2 Stripper For Coproduction Of Products
Process Economics
Table Cost Comparison Of Aa With Mea For Pc And Usc
Process Comparison
Table Mea Vs Aa Performance Comparison
Table Value-Added Products From Ammonia Pollution Controls For Nox, Sox, And Gd (Operating At % Of Capacity)
Table Mea Vs Ammonia Btu Requirements
Product Development
Industry Drivers
Table Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Shifts
Strategies
Trade Practices
Evolution Of The Industry
Table Evolution Of Post Combustion Industry
Patents Factors
Importance Of Research
Chemicals For Post-Combustion Carbon Capturing Process
Sorbents
Industry Structure And Competitive Analysis: Post-Combustion
Table Worldwide Number Of Chemical-Based Carbon Capture Plant Installations By Company, 2007
Figure Worldwide Market Shares Of Carbon Capture Materials By Company, 2007 (%)
Table Worldwide Product Market Shares Of Solvents For Ccs, 2007 ($ Billions)
Figure Worldwide Product Market Shares Co2 Adsorbents, 2007 (%)
Trends In Ethanolamine Demand
Table Projected Worldwide Production Of Ethanolamine, Through 2012 (Mmt And $ Billions)
Table Worldwide Ethanolamine Production By Region, 2007 (Mt)
Figure Worldwide Ethanolamine Production By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Ethanolamine Market Shares By Company, 2007 (%)
Table Projected Worldwide Market For Ethanolamine Applications, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Ethanolamine Production
Table Worldwide Ethanolamine Production Market Share By Company, 2007
Chemical Solvent/Organics: Amine-Based
Monoethanolamine
Monoethanolamine (Continued)
Amine Guard
Amino-Di-Ethylene-Glycol (Adeg)
Activated Methyldiethanolamine (Admea)
Amisol Mix
Diisopropylamine
Diethanolamine /Snpa-Dea
Econamine Fg Process
Econamine Fg Process (Continued)
Estasolvan
Flexsorb
Fluor Solvent
Glymine
Applications
Ks-, Ks-, And Ks-
Mdea And Hybrid Solvents
Mdea And Hybrid Solvents (Continued)
Omnisulf
Sterically Hindered Amines
Physical Solvents
Alkazid
Morphysorb
Optisol
Potassium Carbonate/Benfield
Table Potassium Carbonate Process Advantages
Puratreat R And F
Purisol
Rectisol
Rectisol (Continued)
Selefining
Selexol
Sepasolv Mpe
Sulfinol
Ucarsol
Process/Solvent Comparison
Table Comparison Of Co2 Sorbent Material Qualities
Major Markets For Carbon Capture Storage And Technologies
Table Projected Worldwide Major Application Markets For Ccs Technology, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Co2 Consumption Worldwide By Application, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Co2 Consumed Worldwide By Major Application, 2007 (Mmt)
Figure Worldwide Market Shares By Major Application By Co2 Consumed, 2007 (Mmt Of Co2)
Table Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumed By Oil, Chemical, Merchant, And Carbon Markets, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumed By Oil, Chemical, And Merchant Markets, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Million Metric Tons Of Co2 Consumed Worldwide By Major Market, 2007 ($ Billions)
Figure Worldwide Co2 Market By Application, 2007 (%)
Electricity Production
Table Worldwide Applications Of Carbon Capture Systems And Technologies And Electric Growth Projections, Through 2012
Table Projected Mw Increase In Carbon Capture Systems And Technologies Worldwide, Through 2012 (Mw In Millions)
Table Projected Worldwide Power Capacity With And Without Carbon Capture Systems By Type, 2012 (Mw Millions)
Figure World Mw Capacity Vs Ccs Mw Technologies, 2012 (%)
Table Projected Utility Worldwide Markets For Carbon Capture Technology By Type, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Worldwide Ccs And Technology Market Shares And Sources Of Co2, 2012 ($ Billions)
Figure World Electric Power Market Shares By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Regional Shares Of Worldwide Co2 Emissions, 2007 (%)
Market Trends
Table Potential Value Of Ccs Technologies For Electric Power Applications Worldwide, Through 2012 (Mw/$Millions)
Table Projected U.S. Market Shares Of Ccs Technologies For Coal Power, 2012 (Gw)
Figure Projected U.S. Carbon Capture Technologies Coal Market Shares By Mw, 2012 (%)
Process Economics
Regulatory Environment
Table Ccs Technology Markets By Type, 2007 (Number Of Sites/Mmt)
Figure Best Application Markets For Ccs By Industry, Through 2012 (%)
Table Cost Of Co2 From Industrial Sources, 2007 ($/Mt)
Figure Cost Per Mt Of Co2 From Industrial Sources, 2007 ($/Mt)
Table Value Of Ccs Giga Metric Tons (Gmt) Co2 Reduction And Value To
Figure Projected Distribution Of Carbon Capture Systems And Technology Worldwide, (%)
Natural Gas Processing
Table Projected Worldwide Application Markets For Post-Combustion Solvent Systems, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Value Post-Combustion Technologies, 2007 ($ Billions)
Figure Application Market For Co2 Capture Systems Utility Vs Gas Processing, 2007 (%)
Table Projected Natural Gas Consumed, Scrubbed Gas, Co2 Content Worldwide, Through 2012 (Tcf)
Table Projected Value Of Co2 Anti-Corrosion For Pipeline Transmission Worldwide, Through 2012
Figure Amine Gas Sweetening Plant
Table U.S. Gas Processing Plants By State, 2007 (Mmscf/D)
Figure U.S. Market For Gas Processing Technology By State, 2007 (%)
Figure Major Industrial Sources Of . Bcf/D Co2 For Eor, 2007 (%)
Table Non-Natural Co2 Sources For Eor, 2007 (Mmcf/D)
Table Major U.S. Pipeline Expansions And Scrubbing Values, 20062008 ($ Millions)
Hydrogen
Table Global Daily Hydrogen Production By Feedstock, 2007
Table Global Hydrogen And Co2 Production From Coal And Gas, 2007
Hydrogen
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Table Projected World Oil Production From Eor And Co2 Use, Through 2012
Figure Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumption In Eor, Through 2012 (Million Metric Tons)
Table U.S. And Canadian Co2 Eor Barrel Of Oil Equivalent Per Day, 2007
Table U.S. Recoverable Barrels Of Oil Using Co2 Injection By Region, 2007 (Bb/Tcf)
Figure Projected U.S. Regional Markets For Co2 For Eor By Recoverable Barrels Of Oil, 2012 (%)
Natural Co2 Reservoirs
Table U.S. Co2 Reserves Proven And Probable, 2007
Figure U.S. Natural Co2 Reservoir Market Shares, 2007 (%)
Bravo Dome
Doe Canyon
Jackson Dome
Mcelmo Dome
Transport Of Co2
Figure U.S. Co2 Pipelines
Pipelines
Table U.S. Co2 Pipeline And Transport Costs, 2007
Table Summary Of Major U.S. Co2 Pipelines, 2007
Bravo Pipeline
Centerline
Canyon Reef Carriers
Central Basin Pipeline
Cortez Pipeline
Este Pipeline
Pecos Pipeline
Powder River Basin
Sheep Mountain Pipeline
Slaughter Pipeline
Val Verde
West Texas Pipeline And The Llano Lateral
Calgary Alberta Co2 Pipeline
Pipeline Legislation
Technology For Co2 Pumped Eor
Importance Of Research
Importance Of Research (Continued)
Co2 Eor Market Potential
Crude Oil Market Potential
Table Co2 Daily Deliveries For Eor By Company, 2008 (Mmcf)
Figure Co2 Deliveries To The Eor Market By Major Company, 2007 (%)
Product Development
Market Competition
Eor History And Projections
Table Cost Per Barrel Of Oil Using Co2 Eor Flooding, 2007 ($)
Figure Cost Shares Per Barrel Of Oil For Co2 Eor, 2007 (%)
Table Value Of Eor To Texas Economy, 2007 ($)
Table Value New Texas Co2 Eor Projects, 20062007 ($ Billions)
Figure Shares Of New Texas Co2 Eor Projects By Company, 2006-2007 (%)
Table New Eor Projects In Texas, 20062007
Table Projected U.S And Canadian Barrels Of Oil Equivalent A Day And Co2 Required Per Day, Through 2012
Table Ongoing Co2 Flooding In Eor Projects In The U.S. And Rest Of World, 2007
Table Rest Of World Eor Projects: Operating And Under Consideration, 2007
Co2 Merchant Market
Table Worlwide Projected Co2 Production, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Co2 Statistics By Major Company, 2007
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Major Company, 2007
Table North American Co2 Merchant Sales, 2007
Figure North American Merchant Co2 Sales By Form, 2007 (%)
Table Projected U.S. Co2 Production From Ethanol Production, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Merchant Co2 Consumption By Region, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Ethanol And Co2 Coproduction
Table Projected U.S. Ethanol Production And Co2 Coproduct, Through 2012
Table Worldwide Co2 Merchant Market By Region, 2007
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Region, 2007 (%)
Table Co2 Applications
Table Co2 Applications, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Application Type, 2007
Ethanol And Co2 Coproduction (Continued)
Beverages
Dry Cleaning And Industrial Cleaning
Table Application Markets For Co2 Cleaning By Region, 2007
Dry Cleaning And (Continued) 234
Electronics Industry
Food
Inerting
Other Uses
Pharmaceutical
Refrigeration
Table Refrigeration Uses Of Carbon Dioxide, 2007
Water Treatment
Welding
The Carbon Market
Table Value Carbon Market, Mmt Co2 Avoided, Mmt Co2 Captured, Technology, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Figure Projected Value Of The Carbon Market, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Value Of Co2 Capture Projects And Metric Tons, Through 2012
Table Projected Igcc Co2 Potential For Emission Credits Vs Pc And Spc Power Plants, Through 2012
Table Igcc, Subcritical Pc And Supercritical Pc Co2
Emissions Comparison (Lbs/Mwh)
Clean Development Mechanism
Clean Development Mechanism (Continued)
Table Co2 Growth And Value, Through 2012
Project-Based Transactions
Clean Development Mechanism
Table Worldwide Cdm Credit Sources By Country And Region (%)
Figure Worldwide Sources Of Clean Development Mechanism Projects By Country/Region (%)
Removal Units
Emission Reduction Credits
Certified Emissions Reductions
European Union Allowances
Green Tags
Ji Projects
Research
Table Worldwide Co2 Research Spending By Region, 2007 ($ Millions)
Figure Research Spending Worldwide For Co2 Capture By Region, 2007 (%)
United States
Table Overview Value Of U.S. Co2 Mitigation Research Programs, 2007 ($ Millions/%)
Figure Doe Sponsored Research To Reduce Co2 Emissions Be Research Area, 2007 (%)
Advanced Research
Advanced Turbines
Basic Energy Sciences
Biomass And Biorefinery Systems
Carbon Sequestration
Clean Coal Power Initiative
Climate Change Research
Futuregen
Fuels And Power Systems
Genomes: Gtl Research
Hydrogen Technology
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
European Union
European Union
China-Eu/Coach
Germany
Norway
China
Japan
Australia
Rest Of World
Research By Technology
Table Projected Value Of Carbon Capture Technology Materials Research, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
Table Ccs Materials Research Market By Application, 2007 ($ Millions)
Figure Carbon Capture Systems Materials Research Market Shares By Application, 2007 (%)
Combustors/Turbines
Table Value Of Combustor/Turbine Research Projects ($ Millions)
Table Value Membrane Research, 2007 ($ Millions)
Zeolites
Table Value Of Zeolite Research For Co2 Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Silicates
Table Data On Silicate Research Investigators For Carbon Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Ionic Liquids
Table Value Ionic Liquids Research For Co2 Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Other Co2 Absorbent Materials
Table Value Other Co2 Absorbent Materials Research, 2007 ($ Millions)
Large-Scale Carbon Sequestration Research Projects
Table Value Of U.S. Co2 Geologic Storage Projects, 2007 ($ Millions)
Big Sky Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership
Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium
Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership
Plains Co2 Reduction Partnership
Plains Co2 Reduction Partnership (Continued)
Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership
Southwest Regional Partnership For Carbon Sequestration
West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership
Legislative And Regulatory Drivers
Table Pending U.S. Federal Legislation For Caps On Co2 And Other Greenhouse Gases Capture, 20072008
Legislation For Ccs Funding, Incentives, And Tax Credits
Table U.S. Federal Legislation For Ccs Funding: Incentives And Tax Credits, 20072008
Administration
Epa Co2 Sequestration Rules
Judicial
U.S. Supreme Court Rules Co2 A Pollutant
State Legislation
Table U.S. States With Co2 Regulations, 2007
Foreign Regulation And Legislation
Kyoto Protocol
European Union
Canada
London Protocol-Subsea Co2 Regulations
European Climate Exchange
Voluntary Regulation
Chicago Climate Exchange, Inc.
Company Profiles
Pre-Combustion Companies
Agrium, Inc.
Agrium U.S., Inc.
American Electric Power
Baard Energy
Nordic Energy Of Ashtabula, Llc
Babcock & Brown
Babcock & Brown (U.S.)
Babcock Power, Inc.
Vogt Power International, Inc.
Basin Electric Power Cooperative
Bechtel
Black & Veatch Corp.
Bp
Bp Alternative Energy
Buffalo Energy Partners Co., Llc
Burns And Roe
Cansolv
Chevrontexaco
Christian County Generation, Llc
Clean Coal Power Resources
Cme International
Conocophillips
Dakota Gasification Co.
Denbury Resources, Inc.
Dkrw Advanced Fuels, Llc
Duke Energy
Edison Mission Energy
El Paso Corp.
Energy Expediters, Inc.
Energy Northwest
E.On
Epco Carbon Dioxide
Epcor
Erora Group
Excel Energy
Excelsior Energy
First Energy Consol
First Energy
Florida Power & Light Co.
Foster Wheeler
Foster Wheeler Italiana
Ge Energy
Global Energy, Inc.
Great Lakes Energy Research Park (Glerp)
Greatpoint Energy
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Idaho Power Co.
J Power
Kellogg Brown & Root
Kentucky Pioneer Energy, Llc
Leucadia National Corp.
Lurgi Oelgaschemie Gmbh
Madison Power Corp.
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Montgomery Great Falls Energy Partners, Lp
Mountain Island Energy, Llc
M&M Energy, Llc
Northern Lights/Synenco
Nrg Energy
Orlando Utilities Commission
Otter Creek
Pacific Corp.
Pinion Pine
Polk County Power Plant
Powerfuel, Plc
Refined Energy Holdings, Llc (Reh)
Southeast Idaho Energy, Llc (Sie)
Rentech, Inc.
Shell
Sherritt International
Siemens Power Generation Group
Southern Company Services
Steelhead Energy Co.
Summit Power Group, Inc.
Synthesis Energy Systems
Tampa Electric
Texas Energy Future Holdings, Ltd. Partnership
Tondu Corp.
Uhde
University Of Texas
Urs Corp.
Urs Corp.
Wabash Power Station Terre Haute Indiana
Zmmf
Oxy-Combustion Companies
Air Liquide Societe
Air Products And Chemicals, Inc.
Boc Group, Inc.
Clean Energy Systems, Inc.
Co2-Global, Llc
Doosan Babcock Energy
Frazier-Simplex, Inc.
Hismelt Corp.
Institute Of Earth Physics Of Paris
Institut Francais De Petrole
Jupiter Oxygen
Newcastle University
Praxair
Vattenfall Utveckling Ab
Vtt (Technical Research Centre Of Finland)
Post-Combustion Companies
Abb Lummus Global/Kerr-Mcgee
Aker Kvaerner Asa
Aker Kvaerner (U.S.)
Aker Kvaerner
Airgas, Inc.
Airgas
Air Liquide
Alcoa
Alstom
Amec
Anadarko Petroleum Corp.
Basf
Battelle Memorial Institute
The Beard Co.
Blue Source, Llc
British Petroleum
Bw Shipping Managers Pte, Ltd.
Chart Industries
Coffeyville Resources Nitrogen Fertilizers, Llc
Comart Spa
Cool Energy, Ltd.
Co2 Tech
Co2crc
Co2remove
Crf Pty, Ltd.
Cryogenic Construction, Inc.
Dow
Eestech, Inc.
Encana
Enel S.P.A
Enecogen
Enhanced Oil Resources, Inc.
Epco Carbon Dioxide Products, Inc.
Evolution Petroleum Corp.
Eon
Falcon Gas Storage Co., Inc.
Fluor
Gassco As
Ge
Giammarco-Vetrocoke
Harbin Electric
Huntsman Corp.
Hydrogen Energy
Indo Gulf Fertilizer Co.
Ineos Oxide, Ltd.
International Power Australia Pty, Ltd.
Japan Oil Development Co., Ltd. (Jodco)
Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, Lp
Linde
Lotepro Corp.
Lukoil
Membrane Technology Research, Inc.
Micell Technologies, Inc.
Natco Cynara Membranes
Newpoint Gas Services, Inc.
Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.
North West Upgrading, Inc.
Occidental Petroleum Corp.
Oriental Union Chemical Corp.
Powerspan Corp.
Praxair
Process Group- Hazelwood 2030
Qingdao Great Chemical, Inc.
Rancher Energy Corp.
Rio Tinto
R.R. Street & Co., Inc.
Rwe Npower
Sargas As
Sasol O&S
Schlumberger
Semgreen, Lp
Semgroup
Shell
Sintez Oka, Llc
Statoil
Thermoenergy
Total Elf Afina
Total American Services, Inc.
Toyo Engineering Corp.
Transcanada Corp.
Trinity Co2, Llc
Tucson Electric Power Co.
U.K. Department Of Business And Enterprise
Universal Industrial Gases, Inc.
Uop, Llc
Vattenfall Ab
W.L. Gore
Wintershall
Wallula Resource Recovery
Wittemann-Cryogenic Industries Group
Appendix
Table
Abbreviated Measurements
Table
Chemical Symbols
Table Acronyms
)
Summary Table Value Cumulative Capital Base Of Carbon Capture Technologies, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Comparison Cost Of Electricity With Carbon Capture Technology, 2007
Table Worldwide Igcc Plant Growth Projections: Syngas Production Vs Electricity Production, Through 2012 (Mwth* Vs Mwe**)
Table Worldwide Igcc Plant Growth Projections: Cumulative Value Of Syngas And Electric Plants, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table U.S. And Row Igcc Capital Base Projections, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected U.S. And Row Igcc Megawatt Base For Power, Through 2012 (Mw)
Table U.S. Power From Traditional Coal Plants Vs Igcc Coal Plants, 2007 (Mw)
Table Igcc Application Market Shares, 2007
Table Gasification Company Market Shares By Syngas Output And Number Of Projects, 2007 (Nm3/D)
Table Projected U.S. And Rest Of World Igcc Megawatt Base For Power, Through 2012 (Mw/No. Of Projects)
Table Planned Megawatts Of Igcc Power Plants Worldwide By Country, 2012 (Mw)
Table U.S. Igcc Plants, 1995-2012
Table Post-2012 U.S. Announced U.S. Igcc Projects
Table Rest Of World Igcc Projects, To 2012
Table Post-2012 Rest Of World Igcc Projects
Table Coal Plant Efficiency Comparison Of Igcc, Subcritical Pc, Supercritical Pc, And Ultra Supercritical Pc By Coal Type (%)
Table Major Igcc Components: Cost And Plant Function (%)
Table Worldwide Market Projections For On-Site Pre-Combustion Components, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
Table Average Ngcc, Pc, And Igcc Power Plant Capital Costs Without And With Co2 Capture, 2007 ($/Million Mw)
Table Environmental Advantages Of Igcc Vs Best Pc
Table Comparison Of Igcc, Subcritical Pc, And Supercritical Pc Co2 Emissions (Lb/Mwh)
Table Comparison Of Ge, Conocophillips, And Shell Technologies Costs And Efficiency
Table Igcc Environmental Attributes
Table Igcc Vs Pc With Advanced Pollution Controls Environmental Comparison
Table Worldwide Projected Market Shares Of Igcc For Electricity By Market Leader, 2007-2012
Table Igcc Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Table Pre-Combustion Technology History, 18122007
Table U.S. Co2 Capture Patents By Application Type, 20042007
Table U.S. Co2 Patents By Region, 20022007
Table U.S. Patents By Year, 20042007
Table Worldwide Oxygen Application Markets, 2007 ($ Billions)
Table U.S. And World Oxygen Market Projections, Through 2012 ($ Billions/Bcf/Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Utility Market For Combustion Technology Products, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Oxy-Fuel Projects Worldwide, 19972008
Table Projected Oxy-Fuel Projects Worldwide, 20072012
Table Major Oxy-Combustion Component Costs, 2007 (%)
Table Cost Of State Of The Art 740 Mw Pc Oxy-Combustion Plant With Co2 Capture, 2007
Table Ultra-Supercritical Oxy-Fuel Costs Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Oxy-Fuel Component Coe, 2007 (C/Kwh/%)
Table Ultra-Supercritical Oxy-Fuel Performance Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Auxiliary Power Loss For Oxy-Fuel Power Plant
Table Oxy-Fuel Environmental Advantages
Table Oxy-Fuel For Utility Applications Market Shares, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Oxy-Fuel Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Table History Of The Industry: Major Developments
Table Oxy-Fuel Research Needs
Table Projected Worldwide Value Of Post Combustion Storage Projects And Ongoing Eor, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Worldwide Value Of Co2 Capture Projects, Co2 Capture, And Value Of Co2, Through 2012
Table Carbon Capture Projects By Country, 2012 (Mmt/Yr Of Co2 Captured)
Table Projected U.S. And Foreign Co2 Storage Projects, 20072012 ($ Millions)
Table Amine Scrubbing Costs Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Amine Ccs Component Cost Of Electricity Kwh And Percentage Of Coe Kwh
Table Capital Costs For A 720 Mw Coal Power Plant, ,000 Mt Co2 A Day Ccs Retrofit, 2007
Table Ultra-Supercritical Amine Performance Compared With Supercritical And Ultra-Supercritical
Table Cost Comparison Of Aa With Mea For Pc And Usc
Table Mea Vs Aa Performance Comparison
Table Value-Added Products From Ammonia Pollution Controls For Nox, Sox, And Gd (Operating At % Of Capacity)
Table Mea Vs Ammonia Btu Requirements
Table Industry Drivers Vs Inhibitors
Table Evolution Of Post Combustion Industry
Table Worldwide Number Of Chemical-Based Carbon Capture Plant Installations By Company, 2007
Table Worldwide Product Market Shares Of Solvents For Ccs, 2007 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Worldwide Production Of Ethanolamine, Through 2012 (Mmt And $ Billions)
Table Worldwide Ethanolamine Production By Region, 2007 (Mt)
Table Projected Worldwide Market For Ethanolamine Applications, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Worldwide Ethanolamine Production Market Share By Company, 2007
Table Potassium Carbonate Process Advantages
Table Comparison Of Co2 Sorbent Material Qualities
Table Projected Worldwide Major Application Markets For Ccs Technology, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Co2 Consumption Worldwide By Application, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Co2 Consumed Worldwide By Major Application, 2007 (Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumed By Oil, Chemical, Merchant, And Carbon Markets, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumed By Oil, Chemical, And Merchant Markets, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Million Metric Tons Of Co2 Consumed Worldwide By Major Market, 2007 ($ Billions)
Table Worldwide Applications Of Carbon Capture Systems And Technologies And Electric Growth Projections, Through 2012
Table Projected Mw Increase In Carbon Capture Systems And Technologies Worldwide, Through 2012 (Mw In Millions)
Table Projected Worldwide Power Capacity With And Without Carbon Capture Systems By Type, 2012 (Mw Millions)
Table Projected Utility Worldwide Markets For Carbon Capture Technology By Type, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Worldwide Ccs And Technology Market Shares And Sources Of Co2, 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Potential Value Of Ccs Technologies For Electric Power Applications Worldwide, Through 2012 (Mw/$Millions)
Table Projected U.S. Market Shares Of Ccs Technologies For Coal Power, 2012 (Gw)
Table Ccs Technology Markets By Type, 2007 (Number Of Sites/Mmt)
Table Cost Of Co2 From Industrial Sources, 2007 ($/Mt)
Table Value Of Ccs Giga Metric Tons (Gmt) Co2 Reduction And Value To
Table Projected Worldwide Application Markets For Post-Combustion Solvent Systems, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Value Post-Combustion Technologies, 2007 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Natural Gas Consumed, Scrubbed Gas, Co2 Content Worldwide, Through 2012 (Tcf)
Table Projected Value Of Co2 Anti-Corrosion For Pipeline Transmission Worldwide, Through 2012
Table U.S. Gas Processing Plants By State, 2007 (Mmscf/D)
Table Non-Natural Co2 Sources For Eor, 2007 (Mmcf/D)
Table Major U.S. Pipeline Expansions And Scrubbing Values, 20062008 ($ Millions)
Table Global Daily Hydrogen Production By Feedstock, 2007
Table Global Hydrogen And Co2 Production From Coal And Gas, 2007
Table Projected World Oil Production From Eor And Co2 Use, Through 2012
Table U.S. And Canadian Co2 Eor Barrel Of Oil Equivalent Per Day, 2007
Table U.S. Recoverable Barrels Of Oil Using Co2 Injection By Region, 2007 (Bb/Tcf)
Table U.S. Co2 Reserves Proven And Probable, 2007
Table U.S. Co2 Pipeline And Transport Costs, 2007
Table Summary Of Major U.S. Co2 Pipelines, 2007
Table Co2 Daily Deliveries For Eor By Company, 2008 (Mmcf)
Table Cost Per Barrel Of Oil Using Co2 Eor Flooding, 2007 ($)
Table Value Of Eor To Texas Economy, 2007 ($)
Table Value New Texas Co2 Eor Projects, 20062007 ($ Billions)
Table New Eor Projects In Texas, 20062007
Table Projected U.S And Canadian Barrels Of Oil Equivalent A Day And Co2 Required Per Day, Through 2012
Table Ongoing Co2 Flooding In Eor Projects In The U.S. And Rest Of World, 2007
Table Rest Of World Eor Projects: Operating And Under Consideration, 2007
Table Worlwide Projected Co2 Production, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Co2 Statistics By Major Company, 2007
Table North American Co2 Merchant Sales, 2007
Table Projected U.S. Co2 Production From Ethanol Production, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Projected Worldwide Merchant Co2 Consumption By Region, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Projected U.S. Ethanol Production And Co2 Coproduct, Through 2012
Table Worldwide Co2 Merchant Market By Region, 2007
Table Co2 Applications
Table Co2 Applications, Through 2012 (Mmt)
Table Application Markets For Co2 Cleaning By Region, 2007
Table Refrigeration Uses Of Carbon Dioxide, 2007
Table Value Carbon Market, Mmt Co2 Avoided, Mmt Co2 Captured, Technology, Through 2012 ($ Billions)
Table Projected Value Of Co2 Capture Projects And Metric Tons, Through 2012
Table Projected Igcc Co2 Potential For Emission Credits Vs Pc And Spc Power Plants, Through 2012
Table Igcc, Subcritical Pc And Supercritical Pc Co2 Emissions Comparison (Lbs/Mwh)
Table Co2 Growth And Value, Through 2012
Table Worldwide Cdm Credit Sources By Country And Region (%)
Table Worldwide Co2 Research Spending By Region, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Overview Value Of U.S. Co2 Mitigation Research Programs, 2007 ($ Millions/%)
Table Projected Value Of Carbon Capture Technology Materials Research, Through 2012 ($ Millions)
Table Ccs Materials Research Market By Application, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Value Of Combustor/Turbine Research Projects ($ Millions)
Table Value Membrane Research, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Value Of Zeolite Research For Co2 Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Data On Silicate Research Investigators For Carbon Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Value Ionic Liquids Research For Co2 Capture, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Value Other Co2 Absorbent Materials Research, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Value Of U.S. Co2 Geologic Storage Projects, 2007 ($ Millions)
Table Pending U.S. Federal Legislation For Caps On Co2 And Other Greenhouse Gases Capture, 20072008
Table U.S. Federal Legislation For Ccs Funding: Incentives And Tax Credits, 20072008
Table U.S. States With Co2 Regulations, 2007
Table
Abbreviated Measurements
Table
Chemical Symbols
Table Acronyms
Summary Figure Cumulative Capital Base For Carbon Capture Technologies Worldwide, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Figure Cost Per Kwh For Carbon Capture Technology, 2007
Figure Worldwide Igcc Plant Application Projections: Syngas Vs Electricity, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Figure U.S. Market Shares Of Electric Power: Traditional Coal-Fired Vs. Igcc Coal Power, 2007 (Mw)
Figure Igcc Technology Applications, 2007 (%)
Figure Utility Gasification Project Market Shares By Company, 2007
Figure Igcc Market Shares By Company Syngas Production, 2007 (%)
Figure Projected U.S. And Rest Of World Igcc Growth, 2005-2012 (Mw)
Figure Worldwide Igcc Market Share Projections By Country Based On Megawatt Capacity, 2012 (%)
Figure Schematic Igcc Process
Figure Worldwide Projected Company Market Shares Of Igcc Electric Projects, 2007-2012 (%)
Figure U.S. Co2 Capture Patents By Application, 20042007 (%)
Figure U.S. Co2 Patents By Region, 20022007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Market Shares Of Oxygen Applications, 2007 (%)
Figure Schematic Oxy-Fuel System
Figure Coe For Oxy-Fuel Power Plant By Component, 2007
Figure Oxy-Fuel Average Auxiliary Power Loss Per Mw, 2007 (%)
Figure Oxy-Fuel For Utility Applications Market Shares, 2007 (%)
Figure Projected Worldwide Market Share Of Ccs Technologies By Country And Metric Tons Of Co2 Captured, 2012 (%)
Figure Schematic Of Power Generation And Co2 Sequestration
Figure Schematic Of An Amine Treatment System
Figure Amine Ccs Component Cost Of Electricity (%)
Figure Cost Shares By Major Component For 720 Mw Chp, 2007 (%)
Figure Ammonia Co2 Stripper For Coproduction Of Products
Figure Worldwide Market Shares Of Carbon Capture Materials By Company, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Product Market Shares Co2 Adsorbents, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Ethanolamine Production By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Ethanolamine Market Shares By Company, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Market Shares By Major Application By Co2 Consumed, 2007 (Mmt Of Co2)
Figure Worldwide Co2 Market By Application, 2007 (%)
Figure World Mw Capacity Vs Ccs Mw Technologies, 2012 (%)
Figure World Electric Power Market Shares By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Regional Shares Of Worldwide Co2 Emissions, 2007 (%)
Figure Projected U.S. Carbon Capture Technologies Coal Market Shares By Mw, 2012 (%)
Figure Best Application Markets For Ccs By Industry, Through 2012 (%)
Figure Cost Per Mt Of Co2 From Industrial Sources, 2007 ($/Mt)
Figure Projected Distribution Of Carbon Capture Systems And Technology Worldwide, (%)
Figure Application Market For Co2 Capture Systems Utility Vs Gas Processing, 2007 (%)
Figure Amine Gas Sweetening Plant
Figure U.S. Market For Gas Processing Technology By State, 2007 (%)
Figure Major Industrial Sources Of . Bcf/D Co2 For Eor, 2007 (%)
Figure Projected Worldwide Co2 Consumption In Eor, Through 2012 (Million Metric Tons)
Figure Projected U.S. Regional Markets For Co2 For Eor By Recoverable Barrels Of Oil, 2012
Figure U.S. Natural Co2 Reservoir Market Shares, 2007 (%)
Figure U.S. Co2 Pipelines
Figure Co2 Deliveries To The Eor Market By Major Company, 2007 (%)
Figure Cost Shares Per Barrel Of Oil For Co2 Eor, 2007 (%)
Figure Shares Of New Texas Co2 Eor Projects By Company, 2006-2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Major Company, 2007
Figure North American Merchant Co2 Sales By Form, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Worldwide Merchant Co2 Market Shares By Application Type, 2007
Figure Projected Value Of The Carbon Market, 2005-2012 ($ Billions)
Figure Worldwide Sources Of Clean Development Mechanism Projects By Country/Region (%)
Figure Research Spending Worldwide For Co2 Capture By Region, 2007 (%)
Figure Doe Sponsored Research To Reduce Co2 Emissions Be Research Area, 2007 (%)
Figure Carbon Capture Systems Materials Research Market Shares By Application, 2007 (%)