Multi-Utility Deregulation Report Ed 2 2006 & Directory Package

Publication Date	August 2006
Publisher	ABS Energy Research
Product Type	Report
Pages	691
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	ABS00020

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Summary

This report discusses the status of deregulation in the three-energy sectors electricity, gas, water and waste. 2005 and 2006 have been controversial years for market liberalisation and several landmark events have occurred which may change the pace of deregulation. These events are described in detail. The report includes a section covering every major country and outlines the current status of deregulation in each country, together with a survey of the status in each country. The report is accompanied by a directory of global regulators.

Introduction

This report consists of 3 volumes - Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste
Market liberalisation and privatisation are pushing ahead
Despite some failure and growing opposition
The overall direction is towards liberalisation
Deregulation and privatisation in all three sectors has now reached a stage when it is possible to see patterns and learn from experience, some hard earned
There have been undoubted successes, why do they differ from faiures?
The process is entering a new stage of "critical evaluation"

Key Findings

The North American electricity and gas markets are partially deregulated
The momentum towards liberalisation of the electricity and gas supply industries continues around the world but progress is varied
As a region only the EU is moving systematically in a co-ordinated manner towards deregulation but recent evaluations have revealed shortcomings in progress
Other markets are developing new structures on an individual country basis
There is evidence that deregulation does not work as effectively in small markets, because there is not enough volume to justify a large enough number of participants at the various levels
The privatisation of water utilities is totally different from the energy utilities
It usually involves establishing an operating company to manage the business of the asset owner, which retains ownership of pipes, treatment works and other plant
In the past few years there have been an increased number of privatisations of the water utilities, with
An increasing number of reversals and withdrawals and escalating opposition
Some larger operators are now withdrawing from the international WWS market
In May 2006 three announcements threw the European energy sector into confusion and it is a difficult stage to predict the outcomes
After a "bedding in" period some governments and institutions are now questioning the success of market liberalisation in the energy sector

Content

1. Executive Summary
- EU - original 15 countries
- Unbundling
- Network Access
- Competition
- Generation market structure
- Development of liquid wholesale markets
- EU 10 - Accession states and candidate countries
- CIS
- North America and Australia
- Asia
- South America
- Middle East
- Africa
2. World Survey of Privatisation and Deregulation, 2006
3. Europe
- EU Directive and market opening
4. (EU 15, plus Norway, Switzerland)
- Overview
  - Unbundling
  - Network Access
  - Balancing
  - Competition
  - Generation Market Structure
  - Development of liquid wholesale markets
- Austria
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - The Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour
  - Electricity-Control Ltd (ECL)
  - Electricity Control Commission
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Pressure on network tariffs
  - New suppliers
  - Foreign investors
  - Structure of the ESI
- Belgium
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - High voltage grid connections
  - Distribution connections
  - Flanders
  - Wallonia
  - Brussels
  - Regulators
  - Federal authority
  - Electricity and Gas Regulatory Committee (CREG)
  - Regional authorities
  - 1. The VREG (Vlaamse Reguleringsinstantie voor de Elektriciteits- en Gasmarkt) for the Flemish market
  - 2. The BIM/IBGE for Brussels (Brussels Institute for Environmental Management).
  - 3. The CWaPE for Wallonia (Commission Wallonne pour l'énergie).
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - TSO
- France
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Power Exchange
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - TSO
- Germany
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Third party access
  - Verbandervereinbarung and network access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Integration of Eastern Germany
  - German investment overseas
  - Power exchanges
- Greece
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Ireland
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Italy
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - New entrants
  - TSO
  - GME Electric Market Manager
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Foreign investment
- Luxembourg
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
- Netherlands
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Tennet is the transmission operator
  - Distribution
  - Power exchange
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
- Portugal
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Integrated Iberian electricity market
  - Structure of the ESI
  - ISO
  - Tranmission and distribution
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Investment abroad
- Spain
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Competition
  - Reciprocity
  - Integrated Iberian electricity market
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Potential mergers
  - TSO
  - Foreign investment
  - Stranded costs
  - Spanish Pool
- Switzerland
  - Privatisation
  - Liberalisation
  - Regulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Network access
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
- United Kingdom
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - The Pool
  - NETA
  - BETTA and the GB Market
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Nordic Countries
  - (EU 3, plus Norway, Iceland)
- The Nordel Market
- Denmark
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - System operator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Finland
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
  - Power exchange
- Iceland
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
- Norway
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Power exchange
- Sweden
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
  - Nord Pool
  - The physical market
  - The financial power market
5. EU 10 Accession States and Candidate Countries
- The Central European Countries (CEC)
- The Baltic countries
- CENTREL Countries
- Czech Republic
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
- Hungary
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Initial problems faced by Hungary
  - Structure of the ESI
- Poland
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Consolidation, reaction against unbundling
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening
  - Price regulation
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Polish Power Exchange
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Foreign investors
  - TSO
- Slovakia
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Slovenia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Price regulation
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Nuclear power
- Common Baltic Energy Market
- Estonia
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Latvia
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Lithuania
  - EC complaints, February 2006
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the electricity sector
- South East Europe (Balkans)
- Competitive energy market in the Balkans
- Albania
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Third party access
  - Structure of the ESI
  - TSO
- Bosnia Herzogovina
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Unbundling
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Bulgaria
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Power pool
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Croatia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Macedonia
  - Privatisation
  - Unbundling
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the electricity sector
- Romania
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Wholesale market model
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the electricity sector
- Serbia Montenegro
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Third party access
  - Customer behaviour
  - Structure of the ESI
- Turkey
  - ESI
  - Turkish Electricity Trading and Contracting Company
  - Price regulation
  - Regulator
- UNMIK Kosovo
  - Regulator
  - Mediterranean Islands
- Cyprus
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - TSO
  - Regulator
- Malta
  - Trices
  - Network Code
6. CIS
- Armenia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Buyer model
  - Structure of the ESI
  - International electricity trade
- Azerbaijan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - International electricity trade
- Belarus
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
- Georgia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Georgian wholesale electricity earket
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - International electricity trade
- Kazakhstan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Wholesale market
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - International electricity trade
- Kyrgyzstan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Cenral dispatch and market operation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - International electricity trade
- Moldova
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Transmission and dispatch
  - Distribution
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
- Russia
  - Privatisation
  - Privatistion of oil
  - Reform of the Russian ESI in preparation for privatisation
  - Structure
  - Infrastructure companies
  - Generation companies
  - Retail companies
  - Timetable
  - Progress
  - Restructuring of energos
  - Re-organisation of Energos
  - Market liberalisation
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Market mechanism
  - Retail market opening
  - Structure of the ESI
  - The nuclear sector
  - International trade
  - Foreign investment
- Tajikistan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
- Turkmenistan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
- Ukraine
  - Economic decline
  - Industry structure
  - Privatisation
  - Generators
  - Distribution companies
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Wholesale electricity market
  - TSO
  - Foreign investment
- Uzbekistan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
7. East Asia
- Japan
  - Energy
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening
  - Wholesale market
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
- Korea - South
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening plan
  - Regulator
- Mongolia
  - Regulator
- Taiwan, ROC
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Retail market choice has not yet been implemented.
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
- China, PRC
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Price regulation
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Restructuring
  - Generation
  - Transmission Networks
  - Oversupply versus demand
- Hong Kong, SAR
- ASEAN
- Cambodia
  - Regulator
- Indonesia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - The IPP crisis
  - Structure of the ESI
- Malaysia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
  - Structure of the ESI
- Philippines
  - Deregulation
  - Unbundling and privatisation
  - Cap on generating assets
  - MERALCO
  - IPPs
  - TSO
  - Open network access
  - Market opening
  - Price regulation and Energy Regulatory Board
  - Nuclear
  - Regulator
- Singapore
  - Milestones in Restructuring
  - 1 October 1995, Corporatisation of Electricity and Piped Gas
  - 1 April 1998, Formation of Singapore Electricity Pool
  - 11 March 2000, Further Deregulation of Electricity Industry
  - 1 April 2001, Formation of Energy Market Authority
  - 1 April 2001, Divestment of Generation Companies
  - 1 January 2003, New Electricity Wholesale Market
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Competitive wholesale trading
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
- Thailand
  - Reform of the energy sector in Thailand
  - Previous ESI reform
  - Current privatisation
  - EGAT privatisation failure
  - Current bids for capacity
  - Deregulation
  - Retail market opening
  - Regulator
- Vietnam
  - Restructuring of the ESI
  - Step 1: Period 2001 - 2005
  - Step 2: Period 2006-2010 (figure 2)
  - Step 3: Period after 2010
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Privatisation
  - Price regulation
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
- India
  - Privatisation
  - IPPs and SEBs
  - Dabhol
  - Reform and deregulation
  - Common Minimum National Action Plan for Power
  - Other reforms in states
  - Market opening and price regulation
  - Central government regulator
  - Electricity Regulatory Commissions
  - Structure of the ESI
  - New players in distribution
  - National grid
- Pakistan
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - ESI restructuring
  - Power theft
  - IPP disputes
- Bangladesh
  - Privatisation and unbundling
  - IPPs
  - Deregulation
  - Market opening and price regulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Regulator
- Sri Lanka
  - Reform and privatisation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Regulator
- Nepal
  - Government institutions for private investment
  - Electricity Development Centre
  - Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)
  - Price regulation
  - Private investment in hydropower generation
  - Projects offered for private investment
  - Rural electrification and renewables
- Bhutan
- Maldives
8. Pacific
- Australia
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Introduction of competition
  - Unbundling of ESI functions
  - Retail supply - two tier system
  - Reorganisation of the electricity market
  - The wholesale market
  - The retail market
  - Separation of network charges
  - Privatisation of electricity businesses in some states
  - Formalisation of ESI regulation
  - Regulators
  - ESI models - variation between states
- New Zealand
  - Timeline
  - Regulator
  - Distribution and regulation
  - TSO
  - Generation
9. North America
- Canada
  - Structure of the Canadian ESI
  - Restructuring the ESI
  - Source: Canadian Electricity Association
  - Privatisation
  - The ESI and deregulation in each province
  - Alberta
  - The restructured Alberta market
  - Price caps
  - British Columbia
  - Restructuring initiatives
  - Competition
  - Manitoba
  - Market structure and regulation
  - Wholesale
  - New Brunswick
  - Network access
  - Regulation
  - Newfoundland
  - Regulation
  - Northwest Territories
  - Nova Scotia
  - Regulation
  - Ontario
  - The markets
  - Regulation and prices
  - Distribution
  - Prince Edward Island
  - Regulation
  - Québec
  - Inter-provincial trade
  - International trade
  - Market structure and regulation
  - Saskatchewan
  - Regulation
  - Networks
  - Yukon
  - Regulation
  - Future developments and public reaction
- United States
  - The ESI in the United States
  - Institutional structure of the federal ESI regulatory framework
  - Regulatory Framework
  - States in which retail access is either currently available to all or some customers will soon
  - be available
  - States which are not actively pursuing restructuring
  - States which have delayed the restructuring process or the implementation of retail access
  - California is the only state which has suspended direct retail access
  - Pennsylvania
  - Divestiture of generating assets
  - RTOs (Regional Transmission Organisations)
  - Standard Market Design and Structure (SMD)
  - Competition
10. South America
- Regional Energy Sector Integration
- Comision de Integracion Electrica Regional (CIER)
- Argentina
  - Deregulation and privatisation
  - Prior to the initial sale
  - The initial sale
  - After the initial sale
  - Privatised federal enterprises
  - SEGBA
  - AYEE
  - Hidronor
  - Provincial enterprises
  - Bi-national enterprises
  - Yacyreta
  - Retail market opening
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Network access
  - Dispatch and pricing
  - Price regulation
  - Regulator
  - Power markets
  - Lower prices and increased reliability
  - Increased productivity, efficiency and investment
  - Reliability increases
  - Nuclear power sector
- Bolivia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Wholesale market
  - TSO and ISO
  - Regulator
  - Prices
  - Competition
  - Structure of the ESI
- Brazil
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Eligible consumers
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Restructuring of the ESI
  - TSO
  - Regulator
  - Wholesale electricity market
  - Market mechanism
  - Other Players
  - Independent Large Consumers
  - Independent Producers
  - Sellers
  - Electricity shortage
  - Carbon credit market
- Chile
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Economic Dispatching Center (CDEC)
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Market power
- Colombia
  - Privatisation
  - Deregulation
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Regulator
  - Wholesale electiricty market
- Ecuador
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Abolition of power subsidies
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Privatisation
  - Market mechanisms
- Guyana
  - Regulator
- Paraguay
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Regulator
  - Deregulation
- Peru
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Privatisation
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Spot market
- Uruguay
  - Load dispatch system
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
  - Wholesale electricity market
- Venezuela
  - Structure of the ESI
  - Privatisation
  - Regulator
  - Price regulation
- 11. Central America
  - Mexico
    - Structure of the ESI and privatisation
    - Price regulation
    - Regulator
    - Market mechanisms
  - The Northern Triangle of Central America
  - Belize
    - Regulator
    - Market
    - Price regulation
  - Costa Rica
    - Regulator
    - Price regulation
  - El Salvador
    - Wholesale electricity market
    - Regulator
    - Price regulation
  - Guatemala
    - Structure of the ESI and privatisation
    - Wholesale market
    - Free access to the system
    - Regulator
    - Price regulation
  - Honduras
    - Market
    - Regulatory bodies
  - Nicaragua
    - Structure fo the ESI and privatisation
    - Third party access
    - Regulator
    - Price regulation
  - Panama
    - Structure of the ESI and privatisation
    - Wholesale market
    - Regulator
    - Price regulation
  - Caribbean
    - Price regulation
  - Bahamas
    - Regulator
  - Barbados
    - Regulator
  - Bermuda
  - The Dominican Republic
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Jamaica
    - Regulator
  - Cuba
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad and Tobago
    - Regulator
  - US Virgin Islands
    - Regulator
- 12. Africa
  - Price regulation
  - Privatisation
  - North Africa - Mahgreb
  - Algeria
    - Structure of the ESI and privatisation
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Egypt
    - Privatisation of the ESI
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Libya
  - Mauritania
    - Regulator
  - Morocco
    - Structure of the ESI and privatisation
    - Deregulation
    - Market
    - Tariffs
    - Regulator
  - Sudan
  - Tunisia
    - Structue of the ESI and privatisation
    - Regulator
  - East Africa - Great Lake Region
  - Burundi
  - Ethiopia
    - IPPs
  - Kenya
    - IPPs
    - Market
    - Price regulation
    - Regulator
  - Mauritius
  - Rwanda
    - Regulator
  - Tanzania
    - Privatisation
    - Market
  - Uganda
    - Regulator
  - Central Africa
  - Cameroon
    - Regulator
  - Central African Republic
  - Chad
  - Congo, Republic
  - Gabon
  - Guinea Equatorial
  - West Africa
  - Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
  - Benin
  - Burkina Faso
  - Cape Verde
  - Cote d'Ivoire
    - Privatisation in the ESI
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
    - Reform and privatisation
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Liberia
  - Mali
    - Regulator
  - Niger
    - Regulator
  - Nigeria
    - Regulator
  - Senegal
    - Privatisation
    - Market
    - Regulator
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
    - Regulator
  - South African Development Community (SADC)
  - South African Power Pool (SAPP)
  - South Africa
    - Privatisation
    - IPPs
    - Regulator
    - International power pool SAPP
  - Angola
  - Botswana
  - Democratic Republic of Congo
  - Lesotho
    - Privatisation
  - Madagascar
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
    - Regulator
  - Namibia
    - Regulator
  - Swaziland
    - Regulator
  - Zambia
    - Regulator
  - Zimbabwe
- 13. Middle East
  - Gulf Co-operation Council Power Grid Authority
    - Price regulation
    - Privatisation
  - Bahrain
    - Prices
  - Iran
    - Electrical sector
    - Market
  - Iraq
  - Israel
    - Privatisation
    - IPPs
    - Regulator
  - Jordan
    - Unbundling
    - Privatisation
    - Regulator
  - Kuwait
  - Lebanon
  - Oman
    - Privatisation
    - IPPs
    - Regulator
  - Palestine
  - Qatar
  - Saudi Arabia
    - Prices
    - Regulator
  - Syria
  - United Arab Emirates
  - Abu Dhabi (UAE)
    - Private power companies
    - Regulator
  - Dubai (UAE)
  - Yemen

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