Water Deregulation Report Ed 2- 2006

Publication Date	March 2006
Publisher	ABS Energy Research
Product Type	Report
Pages	235
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	ABS00022

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Summary

Water privatisation is becoming increasingly politicised. While privatisation in water has continued, there have been more cancellations of concessions or withdrawals by private operators, with a rising streak of political activism opposing water privatisation. This has been a marked trend in Africa and South America.This report outlines the situation in each country, with a report on the status of deregulation and privatisation.

Content

1. Executive Summary
- Europe
- CIS
- Asia Pacific
- MENA
- Sub-Saharan Africa
- North America
- South and Central America
- Why liberalise the water sector?
- The perception of water
- Private sector participation models
- Service contracts
- Management contracts
- Leases
- BOOT contracts
- Concessions
- BOO contracts
- Divestiture
- PUPs - public-public partnerships and 'twinning' in water and sanitation
- Visiting countries (of supporting partner)
- Other partnerships and support: technical institutes and universities
- Stockholm Water
- Helsinki Water - Partner to Tallin (TWSME) of Estonia
- Vodokanal St Petersburg
- International water companies
- Tariff reform
- Unbundling -competition and common Carriage
- Main components of water and sewage systems
- Industry fragmentation
- Developing water markets
- The failures of privatisation
2. World Survey of Water and Waste Deregulation
3. Europe
- EU Water and Waste Directives and Investment
- Water legislation
- Pollution from urban waste water and from agriculture
- The Water Framework Directive 2000
- Investment
- Western Europe
- Austria
- Public debate on liberalisation
- Belgium
- PSP in water
- PSP in waste
- Cyprus
- Regulation
- The French water giants
- Obstacles to competition
- Collusion: joint ventures in France and the rest of the world
- National infrastructure organisation and control
- The French water companies - Profiles
- Veolia (formerly Vivendi Environnement)
- Suez - Ondeo
- Saur
- Germany
- Water and waste delivery industry structure
- Regulation framework - municipal strength
- Economic regulation
- The German regulatory framework, problems and deficiencies
- Costs and over-manning in the municipal water companies
- Environmental regulation
- The German water companies
- RWE
- Gelsenwasser Gruppe
- Greece
- Financial support
- Concessions
- Ireland
- EU Financing and investment future.
- Private sector participation
- Metering and full cost recovery
- Private investment
- Italy
- Galli Law 1994
- The responsibilities of the ATO
- Progress towards implementation of the Galli Law
- Environmental regulation
- Water and sanitation services sector
- Prices
- Restructuring of the water industry
- Malta
- Netherlands
- The authorities
- Central Government
- The provinces
- The local authorities
- Examples of new water companies
- Portugal
- Water resources
- PSP
- Spain
- Water supply industry structure
- Regulation and quality control
- Contract types
- Public Management System
- Shared (Public-Private) Management System
- Private Management System
- Water Management Contracts
1. Concession
3. Leasing:
4. Operation
5. B.O.T
6. Assistance
- Private sector involvement in the water sector
- Competition
- Switzerland
- United Kingdom
- England and Wales
- Regulation in England and Wales
- Tariffs
- Competition in England and Wales
- Possible further competitive developments
- Licensing in England and Wales
- Scotland and Northern Ireland
- Threat of water shortage and impact on metering
- Capital investment
- Water quality
- Standard setting
- Customers' interests
- Environmental Regulation
- Scotland
- Regulators
- Northern Ireland
- Nordic Countries
- Denmark
- Level of privatisation
- Public debate on privatisation in Denmark
- Control and legislation
- Water charges
- Finland
- Water industry structure
- Investment
- Corporatisation
- Rural assiociations
- Private sector involvement in Finland
- Tariffs
- Iceland
- Norway
- Private sector participation
- Sweden
- The Water Supply and Sewerage Law
- Provision of service at low cost
- MWSW energy efficiencies
- Swedish Water Development AB
- The pubic water and wastewater utilities - Commercialisation and privatisation
- Commercialisation without corporatisation
- The first public-private joint venture
- The first 100% sale of a MWSW
- Vivendi enters the Swedish water market
- The Baltic Countries
- Estonia
- Latvia
- Lithuania
- The Balkans
- Albania
- Infrastructure collapse
- Government action
- Private sector participation
- Bosnia Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Water and sanitation services sector
- Ownership
- Privatisation of the water and wastewater sector
- Regulation framework
- Croatia
- PSP
- Macedonia
- PSP
- Serbia Montenegro
- Privatisation in Montenegro
- Central & Eastern Europe
- Czech Republic
- Hungary
- PSP reversals and renegotiations
- Debrecen Municipality
- Szeged Municipality
- Budapest: prices and finance
- Poland
- Municipal structure
- Investment requirement
- The water and sanitation services sector
- Water resources
- Public private participation
- Private Polish participation
- Economic regulation
- Environmental regulation
- Romania
- Private sector participation
- Slovakia
- Water resources
- Waste
- Water authority
- Private sector participation
- Rates
- Slovenia
- PSP
4. CIS
- Armenia
- PSP
- Azerbaijan
- Berlin Wasser Betriebe and Baku
- PPIAF
- Belarus
- Georgia
- Foreign public assistance/PUP
- PSP
- Kazakhstan
- Almaty
- PSP
- PPIAF
- Kyrghyzstan
- Water and wase infrastructure
- Tariffs and customers
- Vodokanal-St. Petersburg
- PUP - Public-to-Private assistance
- Cooperation from France
- Cooperation from Germany
- Cooperation from Italy
- Cooperation from the Netherlands
- PSP
- PSP Russian private companies
- Russian Communal Systems (RKS)
- Russian Communal Investments (RKI)
- Rosvodokanal (Alfa Eco)
- Novogor-Prikamye
- PPIAF
- Water supply and use
- Industry structure
- Waste-water treatment
- PUP - Public-to-Private assistance
- Karnten/Carinthia (Austria) and Czernovtsy
- Laval (France) and Vladimir region
- Private sector participation
- The Water Roll-Out Program
- Lviv
- Uzbekistan
- Foreign assistance from Germany
- World Bank
- PPIAF
5. Asia Pacific
- Australia
- Water resources and management
- Water and sanitation sector
- Regulation framework
- Prices
- Water rights trading
- Conservation and environment
- Privatisation
- New Zealand
- Water sector outline - public domination
- China
- The water crisis facing China
- Water resources
- Water quality and environmental degradation
- Wastewater treatment
- Water policy
- National policy on wastewater treatment - water sector opening
- Water supply and sanitation sector
- Central government level
- Provincial level
- Municipal level
- PSP - Legal Issues
- Equity Ownership
- Legal & autonomous status of water plants
- PSP providers
- Pricing
- Construction funds
- Sewerage and sanitation treatment fees
- Township and village enterprises (TVEs)
- Japan
- Water and waste sector structure
- Total
- 16,892
- 14,580
- . Waterworks Law
- The National Integrated Water Resources Plan (Water Plan 2000)
- International presence
- Financial system - government investment
- Korea, South
- Water supply structure
- Water monitoring
- Water leakage - pipe replacement programme
- PSP
- BOT - Ondeo, Vivendi
- Kowaco - Korea Water Resources Corporation
- Taiwan
- Water and waste sector outline - Taiwan Sanitary Bureau
- Waste treatment
- Water tariff
- PSP
- Water quality improvement
6. Indian sub-continent
- Bangladesh
- Publicly managed water and sewage systems
- Urban services - Dhaka, Chittagong, Narayangonj
- Other municipal areas
- Rural sanitation
- Regulatory offices
- Major constraints affecting the delivery of services - revenue shortfall
- Policies and strategies
- Government dominance
- Experimental PSP - co-operativer model
- India
- Water and waste government provision - the social responsibility
- Water supply and sanitation sector
- Performance problems
- Institutional arrangements
- Water and sewage suppliers
- Regulatory systems and networking of water utilities and regulatory bodies
- Water and wastewater treatment privatisation.
- Private operation
- Delhi
- Tirupur
- Sheonath River
- Kerala - community involvement
- Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sanitation Board - strategic review of institutional
- options
- Nepal
- Water supply and sanitation sector
- The existing private sector
- Absence of a regulatory system
- Major constraints
- Initiatives to involve the private sector
- Pakistan
- Water shortage
- Pollution
- Informal water markets
- The Pakistan Water Partnership
- Self Accounting Area Water Boards
- Privatising tube wells
- Privatisation
- Sri Lanka
- Water supply and sanitation sector
- Institutions
- Study of possible PSP
- Water supply
- Sewerage
- Major Constraints
- Tariffs
- Lack of private sector participation
- Autonomy
- Funding
- Water rights
- Policies and strategies
- World Bank
7. Southeast Asia
- World Bank - reconstruction and redevelopment
- Existing district water utilities
- Regulation for private water suppliers
- Cambodia Provincial and Periurban Water Supply Project
- Phnom Penh Waste Management Authority
- Indonesia
- Water and sanitation problems
- Absence of regulatory bodies
- Water usage and supply
- Sewage
- Institutional arrangements
- Private investment
- Jakarta
- Malaysia
- Changes in repsonsibility
- Regulator
- PSP
- Penang
- Prepayment Cards
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Water supply and sanitation sector
- Forms of ownership
- Rural service
- Major constraints
- Private sector participation
- Metropolitan Manila - privatisation
- Operational problems of concessionaires
- Overseas investment by PSPs
- Singapore
- The water and waste sector
- Water sector liberalisation and private participation
- Thailand
- Fragmented water and waste supply sector
- Under-investment
- Institutions
- Tariff regulation
- Major constraints
- External factors
- Internal factors
- Policies and strategies
- Privatisation
- Vietnam
- Recent advances in water and waste services
- Water supply and sanitation sector structure
- Private service providers
- Major constraints
- Finance
- Material and equipment
- Personnel
- Policies and strategies - PSP
- Hanoi
8. MENA - Middle East and North Africa - Mahgreb
- Algeria
- Egypt
- PSP
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Private sector participation
- Tunisia
- Municipal packaging waste disposal and recycling project
- Middle East
- Bahrain
- Iran
- PSP
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Private sector participation
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Oman
- Palestine
- Gaza Water and Sanitation II
- Qatar
- Qatar Wastewater PSP
- Saudi Arabia
- Industry structure
- Sector restructucturing and liberalisation
- PSP
- Syria
- Turkey
- Private sector participation
- Integrated waste management
- United Arab Emirates
- Abu Dhabi
- Dubai
- Yemen
9. Sub-Saharan Africa
- The institutional context
- City-wide water company performance
- Water sector privatisation - the importance of independent providers
- The size of the market
- Water resale is penalised by progressive tariffs
- Water sector employment
- The sanitation model
- East Africa - Great Lake Region
- Burundi
- Ethiopia
- Kenya
- Mauritius
- Rwanda
- Tanzania
- Uganda
- Central Africa
- Cameroon
- PSP
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Congo
- Congo, Democratic Republic
- Gabon
- Guinea Equatorial
- West Africa
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Cte d'Ivoire
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Africa's first PSP lease
- Contract terminated
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Water and sewage crisis
- Mali
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Water resources
- Government organisation
- State Water Agencies - SWAs
- Water resources development at the local government level - LGC
- Water supply deterioration
- Performances of SWAs
- The National Water Rehabilitation Project (NWRP)
- Rising cost of water supply
- High unaccounted for water (UFW)
- Unsustainable cost recovery
- Employee productivity
- Multi-State Water Supply Programme
- Lagos State Water Supply Project
- Kaduna State Wate Supply Project:
- Anambra State Water Project:
- Private participation
- Existing privatisation infrastructure in Nigeria
- Private sector water marketing
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
- South African Development Community
- The status of water privatisation in Southern Africa
- Angola
- Botswana
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Water supply
- Water Quality
- Infrastructure
- Strategic water plan
- Restructuring for privatisation
- Mozambique
- National Water Policy 1995
- Overall policy
- The role of government
- Integrated water resource management
- Urban water supply
- Tariff reform
- Responsibilities
- Peri-urban water supply
- Rural water supply
- Sanitation
- The private sector
- Private sector concession award
- South Africa
- Structure of the water sector
- Regulatory and legal framework
- Water and sanitation services sector
- Central government responsibilities
- Provincial offices
- Municipal bodies
- The reporting chain
- Private sector participation
- Public opposition
- The Water Law
- Regulatory framework
- Monitoring compliance with the above
- Tariff setting and water services affordability
- Tanzania
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
10. North America
- United States
- Market structure
- Regulation
- Water legislation - Clean Water Act: A summary of the law
- Background to the legislation
- Federal and state responsibilities.
- Municipal wastewater treatment construction
- Permits, regulations and enforcement
- Water markets
- Competition and privatisation
- Legal framework for privatisation
- Performance criteria
- Major private water companies
- America Water Works
- United Water
- US Filter
- Canada
- Federal responsibility
- Provincial authority
- Alberta
- Aqualta
- Canadian Utilities
- United Water
- British Columbia
- Ontario
11. South America
- The changing political landscape of South America
- Argentina
- The launch of privatisation in 1990
- Argentina - Water Sector Reform Programme 1999 backed by the World Bank to extend private
- investment
- Benefits of privatization
- Effects of the economic crisis on privatisation
- Bolivia
- Cochabamba
- La Paz
- El Alto
- Alternative water provision
- Water exports
- Brazil
- Planasa - 30 years - National Water and Sanitation Programme
- Water and waste sector structure
- Relations between state Cesb companies and municipalities
- Concession Law 1995
- Extent of privatisation
- Investment requirement in water and waste and private participation
- Legal framework
- Participatory management
- Rio Grande do Sul, CORSAN
- Chile
- Service extension
- Water and waste coverage
- Early restructuring of the sector - preparation for privatisation
- The water and sanitation services sector
- The urban poor
- Private sector participation in service extension
- Water rights
- The regulatory framework
- Responsibilities of SISS:
- Pulic utilities
- Tariffs
- Consumer subsidies
- Environmental controls
- Privatisation
- Colombia
- A free market economy
- Public private partnership in waste treatment
- Water privatisations
- Public opposition
- Ecuador
- Water and waste coverage
- Regional differences
- PSP
- Paraguay
- Water and waste sector structure
- The public sector
- The private sector - Aguateros - small scale private water providers
- Components and process
- What worked and why?
- What didn't work and why?
- Regulatory structure
- Private sector investment
- Peru
- Structural reform
- The privatisation drive
- Special committee for Olmos hydroelectric and irrigation project
- Alto Piura Special Committee
- President Fujimori reverses privatisation thrust
- Current concession offers of regional water companies
- Public protest
- Sector structure
- Against privatisation
- Venezuela
- Early steps
- Initial results
12. Central America and the Caribbean
- Mexico
- The National Water Law of 1992
- Concessions
- Amendment to the Law of National Waters
- The Northern Triangle
- Belize
- Privatisation
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Sector restructuring
- Panama
- Privatisation withdrawal
- Opposition to existing Biwater concession
- Puerto Rico
- Private sector contract possible termination
- Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Bermuda
- Cuba
- Private sector investment
- Jamaica
- Financing capital costs and private participation
- Trinidad
- Private concession terminated - new concession planned
13. Pollution Overview - Causes of pollution
- David Krantz and Brad Kifferstein
- Point and nonpoint sources
- Causes of pollution
- Additional forms of water pollution - petroleum, radioactive substances, heat
- Classifying water pollution
- Ground water
- Global water pollution
- Water quality
- Important Terms
List Of Figures
- Figure 1.1: : PSP Options - A continuum
- Figure 1.2: Private investment in infrastructure projects in the developing countries 1990-1998
- Figure 1.3: PSP Options - A continuum
- Figure 3.1: Revision of EU Water Policy
- Figure 3.2: Investment and employment related to EU environmental policy, 1990-2010
- Figure 9.1: Public water service in African cities
- Figure 9.2: Access to drinking water in 10 African cities
- Figure 9.3: Market share, earnings and employment in concessionaire and independent water and
- sanitation providers in Dakar and Bamako
- Figure 9.4: How the sanitation market works in African cities
List Of Tables
- Table 1.1: Public-public partnerships (PUPs) in water and sewerage
- Table 1.2: Major International Water Companies & Their Foreign Subsidiaries (> 50% share
- Table 2.1: World Survey of Water and Waste Deregulation
- Table 3.1: Major Italian aziendi water utilities
- Table 3.2: Companies with different management types
- Table 3.3: Water concessions companies
- Table 3.4: Concession companies in Hungary
- Table 5.1: Water supply bodies
- Table 10.1: A Summary of the Law
- Table 10.2: Numbers of water companies in each state with private operations contracts in one form
- or another, 1997.
- Table 13.1: Waste treatment diagram

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