Bonding Elastomers: A Review of Adhesives and Processes

Publication Date	February 2005
Publisher
Product Type	Report
Pages	140
ISBN Number	978-1-85957-495-9
Product Code	00017

Price

£85.00
approximately: $124 | €93

PDF

PRINT £85 ($124 | €93)

Order above formats by FAX

Summary

This review has been written as a practical approach to bonding various kinds of elastomers to substrates such as steel and plastics, as used in the manufacture of diverse products such as rubber covered rolls, urethane fork lift wheels, rubber lining for chemical storage or solid rocket motors, engine bushes and mounts, seals for transmissions, electrical power connectors and military tank track pads. There are over 20 kinds of elastomeric polymer each having unique physical and chemical resistance characteristics. Through compounding, a given elastomer's performance can be enhanced but no single elastomer can be compounded to meet all applications. In the same manner, no single adhesive can provide the needed levels of adhesion and environmental resistance to all polymers. Even when bonding a particular elastomer, the adhesive of choice can vary depending upon the compounding of the rubber including the cure system, the environmental application of the bonded assembly, the substrate to which the rubber is going to be bonded, the moulding method and the geometry of the part. Other factors affecting adhesive selection might include colour, conductivity, and means of application.

This review is based on the authors' years of experience working closely with end-use customers and offers a thorough overview of how to successfully bond rubber to a given substrate in the manufacture of quality rubber engineered components:

substrate preparation
selection of adhesive
adhesive preparation
adhesive application
moulding conditions
testing and bond failure analysis
future trends

This review report is supported by an indexed section containing several hundred key references and abstracts selected from the Polymer Library.

Content

1 INTRODUCTION
2 HISTORY
3 BATCH MIXING MACHINERY: DEVELOPMENTS IN RECENT YEARS
- 3.1 Mills
- 3.2 Internal Mixers
  - 3.2.1 Definitions of Terms Used in Descriptions of Internal Mixers
  - 3.2.2 Tangential Rotor Internal Mixers
  - 3.2.3 Intermeshing Rotor Internal Mixers
  - 3.2.4 Hybrid Intermeshing Rotor Developments: the Co-flow-4 Rotor
  - 3.2.5 Other Batch Mixer Developments
  - 3.2.6 The Tandem Mixer
- 3.3 How They Mix: A Comparison of Mixing Behaviour of Intermeshing and Tangential Rotor Mixers
  - 3.3.1 Tangential Rotor Mixing Machines
  - 3.3.2 Intermeshing Rotor Mixing Machines
  - 3.3.3 Hybrid Rotor Mixing Machines
  - 3.3.4 Summary of Observed Differences and Comparative Mixing Data
- 3.4 Around the Batch Mixer
  - 3.4.1 Mixer Drive Systems
  - 3.4.2 Mixer Hopper and Ram Operation
  - 3.4.3 Mixing Temperature Measurement
  - 3.4.4 Mixer Temperature Control Systems
  - 3.4.5 Mixer Discharge Arrangements
  - 3.4.6 Materials Handling Systems and Feed Systems for Batch Mixers
  - 3.4.7 Mixing Plant Control and Data Acquisition
4 MIXING TECHNIQUES IN BATCH MIXERS
- 4.1 Single Stage Mixing
- 4.2 Two-, or Multi-Stage, Mixing
- 4.3 Upside Down Mixing
- 4.4 Variable Rotor Speed
- 4.5 Use of Ram Movement
- 4.6 Machine Temperature
- 4.7 Discharge of the Batch with the Ram Up or Down?
- 4.8 Thermoplastic Elastomer Mixing
5 DOWNSTREAM EQUIPMENT
- 5.1 Curable Rubbers
- 5.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers
6 MONITORING MIXING QUALITY
- 6.1 Off-Line Testing
- 6.2 On-Line Testing
7 DEVELOPMENTS IN CONTINUOUS MIXING MACHINERY
- 7.1 Single-Screw Extruders
- 7.2 Single Rotor Continuous Mixing Systems
- 7.3 Twin Rotor, Contrarotating, Non Intermeshing Continuous Mixers
  - 7.3.1 The Farrel Continuous Mixer (FCM)
  - 7.3.2 The MVX (Mixing,Venting,eXtruding) Machine
- 7.4 Planetary Extruders
- 7.5 Twin Rotor Contrarotating Intermeshing Extruders
- 7.6 Twin Rotor Corotating Intermeshing Extruders
- 7.7 Ring Extruders
- 7.8 Other Machines
8 OPERATION OF CONTINUOUS MIXING MACHINERY
- 8.1 Material Suitability
- 8.2 Production Scale
- 8.3 Material Take-Off
- 8.4 Quality Monitoring 8.5 Comparison with Batch Mixing
- 8.6 Thermoplastic Elastomers
9 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
10 THE FUTURE?