Nanobiotechnologies

Applications, Markets and Companies

Publication Date	November 2008
Publisher	Jain PharmaBiotech
Product Type	Report
Pages	708
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	JAI00034

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Summary

Nanotechnology is the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer-length scale (a nanometer is one billionth of a meter. Nanobiotechnology, an integration of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, chemistry and biotechnology holds considerable promise of advances in pharmaceuticals and healthcare. The report starts with an introduction to various techniques and materials that are relevant to nanobiotechnology. It includes some of the physical forms of energy such as nanolasers. Some of the technologies are scaling down such as microfluidics to nanofluidic biochips and others are constructions from bottom up. Application in life sciences research, particularly at the cell level sets the stage for role of nanobiotechnology in healthcare in subsequent chapters.

Some of the earliest applications are in molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles, particularly quantum dots, are playing important roles. In vitro diagnostics, does not have any of the safety concerns associated with the fate of nanoparticles introduced into the human body. Numerous nanodevices and nanosystems for sequencing single molecules of DNA are feasible. Various nanodiagnostics that have been reviewed will improve the sensitivity and extend the present limits of molecular diagnostics.

An increasing use of nanobiotechnology by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. Nanotechnology will be applied at all stages of drug development - from formulations for optimal delivery to diagnostic applications in clinical trials. Many of the assays based on nanobiotechnology will enable high-throughput screening. Some of nanostructures such as fullerenes are themselves drug candidates as they allow precise grafting of active chemical groups in three-dimensional orientations. The most important pharmaceutical applications are in drug delivery. Apart from offering a solution to solubility problems, nanobiotechnology provides and intracellular delivery possibilities. Skin penetration is improved in transdermal drug delivery. A particularly effective application is as nonviral gene therapy vectors. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide controlled release devices with autonomous operation guided by the needs.

Nanomedicine is now within the realm of reality starting with nanodiagnostics and drug delivery facilitated by nanobiotechnology. Miniature devices such as nanorobots could carry out integrated diagnosis and therapy by refined and minimally invasive procedures, nanosurgery, as an alternative to crude surgery. Nanotechnology will markedly improve the implants and tissue engineering approaches as well.

There is some concern about the safety of nanoparticles introduced in the human body and released into the environment. Research is underway to address these issues. As yet there are no FDA directives to regulate nanobiotechnology but as products are ready to enter market, these are expected to be in place.

Future nanobiotechnology markets are calculated on the basis of the background markets in the areas of application and the share of this market by new technologies and state of development at any given year in the future. This is based on a comprehensive and thorough review of the current status of nanobiotechnology, research work in progress and anticipated progress. There is definite indication of large growth of the market but it will be uneven and cannot be plotted as a steady growth curve. Marketing estimates are given according to areas of application, technologies and geographical distribution starting with 2007. The largest expansion is expected between the years 2012 and 2017.

Profiles of 233 companies, out of over 500 involved in this area, are included in the last chapter along with their 184 collaborations.The report is supplemented with 39 Tables, 21 figures and 700 references to the literature.

Content

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary
1.Basics of Nanobiotechnology
- Introduction
- Classification of nanobiotechnologies
- Top-down and bottom-up approaches
- Landmarks in the evolution of nanobiotechnology
- Relation of nanobiotechnology to healthcare
2.Technologies
- Introduction
- Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems
- BioMEMS
- Microarrays and nanoarrays
- Dip Pen Nanolithography for nanoarrays
- Protein nanoarrays
- Microfluidics and nanofluidics
- Nanotechnology on a chip
- Microfluidic chips for nanoliter volumes
- Nanogen's NanoChip
- Use of nanotechnology in microfluidics
- Construction of nanofluidic channels
- Nanoscale flow visualization
- Moving (levitation) of nanofluidic drops with physical forces
- Electrochemical nanofluid injection
- Nanofluidics on nanopatterned surfaces
- Nano-interface in a microfluidic chip
- Nanofluidic channels for study of DNA
- Visualization and manipulation on nanoscale
- Atomic force microscopy
- Basic AFM operation
- Advantages of AFM
- Force sensing Integrated Readout and Active Tip
- Ultra-nanocrystalline diamond
- Magnetic resonance force microscopy
- Scanning probe microscopy
- Near-field scanning optical microscopy
- Nano-sized light source for single cell endoscopy
- Multiple single-molecule fluorescence microscopy
- Nanoparticle characterization by Halo? LM10 technology
- Nanoscale scanning electron microscopy
- Use of SEM to reconstruct three-dimensional tissue nanostructure
- Visualizing atoms with scanning electron microscopy
- Photoactivated localization microscopy
- Optical Imaging with a Silver Superlens
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
4Pi microscope
- Principle and applications of cantilevers
- Companies that provide microscopes for nanobiotechnology
- Surface plasmon resonance
- Nanoparticles
- Quantum dots
- Gold nanoparticles
- Silica nanoparticles
- Lipoparticles
- Assembly of nanoparticles into micelles
- Biomedical applications of self-assembly of nanoparticles
- Paramagnetic and superparamagnetic nanoparticles
- Fluorescent nanoparticles
- Production techniques for nanoparticles
- Nanostructures
- Bacterial structures relevant to nanobiotechnology
- Bacterial spores
- Nanostructures based on bacterial cell surface layers
- Bacterial magnetic particles
- Cubosomes
- Dendrimers
- Properties
- Applications
- DNA-nanoparticle conjugates
- DNA octahedron
- Potential applications
- Fullerenes
- Nanoshells
- Nanotubes
- Carbon nanotubes
- Carbon nanotubes and DNA
- Applications of nanotubes
- Nanobuds
- Nanowires
- Nanostamping
- Nanoneedles
- Nanopores
- Nanoporous silica aerogel
- Nanostructured silicon
- Networks of gold nanoparticles and bacteriophage
- Polymer nanofibers
- Protein-nanoparticle combination
- Nanomaterials for biolabeling
- Quantum dots as labels
- Silver nanoparticle labels
- Silica nanoparticles for labeling antibodies
- SERS nanotags
- DNA Nanotags
- Fluorescent lanthanide nanorods
- Organic nanoparticles as biolabels
- Molecular computational identification
- Companies providing services and products for nanobiotechnology
3.Applications in Life Sciences
- Introduction
- Nanotechnology and biology
- NanoSystems Biology
- Nanobiology and the cell
- Measuring mass of single cells
- Nanotechnology-based live-cell single molecule assays
- Quantum dots for cell labeling
- Quantum dots for study of apoptosis
- Single cell injection by nanolasers
- Nanostructures involved in endocytosis
- Study of complex biological systems
- Biosensing of cellular responses
- Control of T cell signaling activity
- Molecular motors
- Nanomotor made of nucleic acids
- phi29 DNA packaging nanomotor
- Light-activated ion channel molecular machines
- Application of AFM for biomolecular imaging
- Future insights into biomolecular processes by AFM
4Pi microscopy to study DNA double-strand breaks
- Multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry
- Applications of biomolecular computing in life sciences
- Molecular electronics
- Microbial nanomaterials
- Use of bacteria to construct nanomachines
- Bacteriophage nanoshells
- Natural nanocomposites
- Nanotechnology in biological research
- Nanoparticles for biological research
- Disguising quantum dots as proteins for cell entry
- Molecular biology and nanotechnology
- DNA nanotechnology
- Reversibly binding of gold nanospheres to DNA strands
- RNA nanotechnology
- Genetically engineered proteins for nanobiotechnology
- Single molecule studies
- Optical trapping and single-molecule fluorescence
3D single-molecular imaging by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging
- Studying the molecular mechanisms of enzymes
- Nanochemistry
- Nanoscale pH Meter
- Application of nanolasers in life sciences
- Nanomanipulation
- Nanomanipulation by combination of AFM and other devices
- Surgery on living cells using AFM with nanoneedles
- Optoelectronic tweezers
- Manipulation of DNA sequence by use of nanoparticles as laser light antennas
- Nanomanipulation of single molecule
- Fluorescence-force spectroscopy
- Nanomanipulation for study of mechanism of anticancer drugs
- Nanotechnology in genomic research
- Use of nanotechnology for separation of DNA fragments
- Nanotechnology-based DNA sequencing
- Single-molecule detection of DNA hybridization
- Role of nanobiotechnology in identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms
- Nanobiotechnology for study of mitochondria
- Nanomaterials for the study of mitochondria
- Study of mitochondria with nanolaser spectroscopy
- Role of nanotechnology in proteomics research
- Study of proteins by atomic force microscopy
- Single cell nanoprobe for studying gene expression of individual cells
- Nanoproteomics
- Multi Photon Detection
- Nanoflow liquid chromatography
- High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility mass spectrometry
- Protein nanocrystallography
- QD-protein bioconjugate nanoassembly
- Nanoproteomics for study of misfolded proteins
- Dynamic reassembly of peptides
- Use of nanotube electronic biosensor in proteomics
- Nanometer photomasks from bacterial protein
- Proteomics at single molecule level
- Study of protein synthesis and single-molecule processes
- Protein expression in individual cells at the single molecule level
- Single-molecule mass spectrometry using a nanopore
- Biochips for nanoscale proteomics
- Protein biochips based on fluorescence planar wave guide technology
- Nanofilter array chip
- Role of nanotechnology in study of membrane proteins
- Nanoparticles for study of membrane proteins
- Study of single protein interaction with cell membrane
- Quantum dots to label cell surface proteins
- Study of single membrane proteins at subnanometer resolution
- Nanoparticle-protein interactions
- Protein engineering on nanoscale
- Nanowires for protein engineering
- A nanoscale mechanism for protein engineering
- Role of nanoparticles in self-assembly of proteins
- Role of nanotechnology in peptide engineering
- Manipulating redox systems for nanotechnology
- Self-assembling peptide scaffold technology for 3-D cell culture
- Nanobiotechnology and ion channels
- Aquaporin water channels
- Role of nanobiotechnology in engineering ion channels
- Application of nanobiotechnology in molecular electronics
- Nanotechnology and bioinformatics
3D nano-map of synapse
- Companies providing nanotechnology for life sciences research
4.Nanomolecular Diagnostics
- Introduction
- Nanodiagnostics
- Rationale of nanotechnology for molecular diagnostics
- Nanoarrays for molecular diagnostics
- NanoPro System
- Nanofluidic/nanoarray devices to detect a single molecule of DNA
- Self-assembling protein nanoarrays
- Fullerene photodetectors for chemiluminescence detection on microfluidic chip
- Protein microarray for detection of molecules with nanoparticles
- Protein nanobiochip
- Nanoparticles for molecular diagnostics
- Gold nanoparticles
- Quantum dots for molecular diagnostics
- Quantum dots for detection of pathogenic microorganisms
- Bioconjugated QDs for multiplexed profiling of biomarkers
- Imaging of living tissue with quantum dots
- Magnetic nanoparticles
- Magnetic nanoparticles for bioscreening
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for cell tracking
- Monitoring of implanted NSCs labeled with nanoparticles
- Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles to track therapeutic cells in vivo
- Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for calcium sensing
- Magnetic nanoparticles for labeling molecules
- Ferrofluids
- Super conducting quantum interference device
- Study of living cells by superparamagnetic nanoparticles
- Use of nanocrystals in immunohistochemistry
- Imaging applications of nanoparticles
- Gadonanotubes for MRI
- Gold nanorods and nanoparticles as imaging agents
- In vivo imaging using nanoparticles
- Manganese oxide nanoparticles as contrast agent for brain MRI
- Nanoparticles vs microparticles for cellular imaging
- Nanoparticles as contrast agent for MRI
- Quantum dots for biological imaging
- Superparamagnetic nanoparticles combined with MRI
- Study of chromosomes by atomic force microscopy
- Applications of nanopore technology for molecular diagnostics
- DNA-protein and -nanoparticle conjugates
- Resonance Light Scattering technology
- DNA nanomachines for molecular diagnostics
- Nanobarcodes technology
- Nanobarcode particle technology for SNP genotyping
- Qdot nanobarcode for multiplexed gene expression profiling
- Biobarcode assay for proteins
- Single-molecule barcoding system for DNA analysis
- Nanoparticle-based colorimetric DNA detection method
- SNP genotyping with gold nanoparticle probes
- Nanoparticle-based Up-converting Phosphor Technology
- Surface-Enhanced Resonant Raman Spectroscopy
- Near-infrared (NIR)-emissive polymersomes
- Nanobiotechnology for detection of proteins
- Captamers with proximity extension assay for proteins
- Nanobiosensors
- Cantilevers as biosensors for molecular diagnostics
- Advantages of cantilever technology for molecular recognition
- Antibody-coated nanocantilevers for detection of microorganisms
- Cantilevers for direct detection of active genes
- Portable nanocantilever system for diagnosis
- Carbon nanotube biosensors
- Carbon nanotube sensors coated with ssDNA and electronic readout
- Carbon nanotubes sensors wrapped with DNA and optical detection
- FRET-based DNA nanosensor
- Ion Channel Switch biosensor technology
- Electronic nanobiosensors
- Electrochemical nanobiosensor
- Quartz nanobalance biosensor
- Viral nanosensor
- PEBBLE nanosensors
- Nanosensors for glucose monitoring
- Microneedle-mounted biosensor
- Optical biosensors
- Laser nanosensors
- Nanoshell biosensors
- Plasmonics and SERS nanoprobes
- Novel optical mRNA biosensor
- Optonanogen biosensor
- Surface plasmon resonance technology
- Surface Enhanced Micro-optical Fluidic Systems
- Nanowire biosensors
- Nanowire biosensors for detection of single viruses
- Nanowires for detection of genetic disorders
- Nanowires biosensor for detecting biowarfare agents
- Concluding remarks and future prospects of nanowire biosensors
- Nanoscale erasable biodetectors
- Future issues in the development of nanobiosensors
- Applications of nanodiagnostics
- Nanotechnology for detection of biomarkers
- Nanotechnology for genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms
- Nanoparticles for detecting SNPs
- Nanopores for detecting SNPs
- Nanobiotechnologies for single molecule detection
- Protease-activated quantum dot probes
- Labeling of MSCs with QDs
- Nanotechnology for detection of cancer
- QDs for cancer diagnosis
- Dendrimers for sensing cancer cell apoptosis
- Nanoparticles designed for dual-mode imaging of cancer
- Gold nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis
- Gold nanorods for detection of metastatic tumor cells
- Nanoatomic tubes for detection of cancer proteins
- Nanodots for tracking apoptosis in cancer
- Nanoparticles for the optical imaging of tumors
- Nanolaser spectroscopy for detection of cancer in single cells
- Nanotechnology-based single molecule assays for cancer
- Implanted magnetic sensing for cancer
- Nanotechnology for point-of-care diagnostics
- Nanotechnology-based biochips for POC diagnosis
- Nanoprobes for POC diagnosis
- Carbon nanotube transistors for genetic screening
- Nanocytometer
- POC monitoring of vital signs with nanobiosensors
- Detection of infectious agents
- Carbon nanotubes as biosensors for detection of viruses
- Detection of viruses by surface enhanced Raman scattering
- Detection of viral RNA by combined fluorescence and SERS
- Detection of single virus particles
- Electric fields for accelerating detection of viruses
- Fluorescent QD probes for detection of respiratory viral infections
- SEnsing of Phage-Triggered Ion Cascade for detection of bacteria
- Nanodiagnostics for the battle field and biodefense
- An integrated nanobio sensor
- Nanodiagnostics for integrating diagnostics with therapeutics
- Companies involved in nanomolecular diagnostics
- Concluding remarks about nanodiagnostics
- Future prospects of nanodiagnostics
5.Nanobiotechnology in Drug Discovery & Development
- Introduction
- Nanobiotechnology for drug discovery
- Gold nanoparticles for drug discovery
- Tracking drug molecules in cells
- SPR with colloidal gold particles
- Use of quantum dots for drug discovery
- Advantages of the use of QDs for drug discovery
- Drawbacks of the use of QDs for drug discovery
- Quantum dot for imaging drug receptors in the brain
- Ligand-conjugated nanocrystals
- Lipoparticles for drug discovery
- Biosensor for drug discovery with Lipoparticles
- Magnetic nanoparticles assays
- Micelles for drug discovery
- Nanolasers for drug discovery
- Analysis of small molecule-protein interactions by nanowire biosensors
- Cells targeting by nanoparticles with attached small molecules
- Role of AFM for study of biomolecular interactions for drug discovery
- Nanoscale devices for drug discovery
- Nanotechnology enables drug design at cellular level
- Nanobiotechnology-based drug development
- Dendrimers as drugs
- Fullerenes as drug candidates
- Nanobodies
- Role of nanobiotechnology in the future of drug discovery
- Companies using nanobiotechnology for drug discovery
6.Nanobiotechnology in Drug Delivery
- Introduction
- Micronization versus nanonization for drug delivery
- Nanoscale delivery of therapeutics
- Nanobiotechnology solutions to the problems of drug delivery
- Nanosuspension formulations
- Nanotechnology for solubilization of water-insoluble drugs
- Improved absorption of drugs in nanoparticulate form
- Ideal properties of material for drug delivery
- Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies used for drug delivery
- Viruses as nanomaterials for drug delivery
- Bacteria-mediated delivery of nanoparticles and drugs into cells
- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery
- Gold nanoparticles as drug carriers
- Calcium phosphate nanoparticles
- Cyclodextrin nanoparticles for drug delivery
- Dendrimers for drug delivery
- DNA-assembled dendrimers for drug delivery
- Fulleres for drug delivery
- Amphiphilic fullerene derivatives
- Fullerene conjugate for intracellular delivery of peptides
- Polymer nanoparticles
- PLGA-based nanodelivery technologies
- Polymeric micelles
- Chitosan nanoparticles
- Cationic nanoparticles
- Ceramic nanoparticles
- Nanocrystals
- Nanocrystalline silver
- Elan's NanoCrystal technology
- Eurand's Biorise system
- Nanoparticles bound together in spherical shapes
- Filomicelles vs spherical nanoparticles for drug delivery
- Encapsulating water-insoluble drugs in nanoparticles
- Trojan nanoparticles
- Prolonging circulation of nanoparticles by attachment to RBCs
- Self-assembling nanoparticles for intracellular drug delivery
- Therapeutic protein delivery from nanoparticle-protein complexes
- Drug delivery using Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates
- Flash NanoPrecipitation
- Liposomes
- Basics of liposomes
- Stabilization of phospholipid liposomes using nanoparticles
- Lipid nanoparticles
- Polymerized Liposomal Nanoparticle
- Applications of lipid nanoparticles
- Lipid nanocapsules
- Lipid emulsions with nanoparticles
- Nanostructured organogels
- Liposomes incorporating fullerenes
- Arsonoliposomes
- Liposome-nanoparticle hybrids
- Nanogels
- Nanogel-liposome combination
- Nanospheres
- Nanosphere protein cages
- Nanovesicle technology for delivery of peptides
- Nanotubes
- Carbon nanotubes for drug delivery
- Lipid-protein nanotubes for drug delivery
- Halloysite nanotubes for drug delivery
- Nanocochleates
- Nanobiotechnology and drug delivery devices
- Coating of implants by ultrafine layers of polymers
- Nano-encapsulation
- Polymer nanocontainers
- Nanotechnology-based device for insulin delivery
- Mirocontainer delivery systems for cell therapy
- Nanopore membrane in implantable titanium drug delivery device
- Measuring the permeability of membranes
- Nano-valves for drug delivery
- Nanochips for drug delivery
- Nanobiotechnology for vaccine delivery
- Bacterial spores for delivery of vaccines
- Nanoparticles for DNA vaccines
- Proteosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles
- Smart nanoparticles for delivery of vaccines
- Nanospheres for controlled release of viral antigens
- Nanobiotechnology for antisense drug delivery
- Antisense nanoparticles
- Dendrimers for antisense drug delivery
- Polymethacrylate nanoparticles for antisense delivery system
- Nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery
- Polyethylenimine nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
- Chitosan-coated nanoparticles for siRNA delivery
- Quantum dots to monitor RNAi delivery
- Calando's technology for targeted delivery of anticancer siRNA
- Nanobiotechnology for gene therapy
- Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy
- Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as nonviral vectors
- Carbonate apatite nanoparticles for gene delivery
- Gelatin nanoparticles for gene delivery
- Immunolipoplex for delivery of p53 gene
- Intravenous nanoparticle formulation for delivery of FUS1 gene
- Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of nucleic acids
- Nanoparticles as nonviral vectors for CNS gene therapy
- Nanoparticles linked to viral vectors for photothermal therapy
- Nanoparticles for p53 gene therapy of cancer
- Silica nanoparticles for gene delivery
- Targeted nanoparticle-DNA delivery to the cardiovascular system
- Dendrimers for gene transfer
- DNA-PEG complexes as nanoparticles
- Compacted DNA nanoparticles
- Cochleate-mediated DNA delivery
- Nanorod gene therapy
- Nanodel? gene vector
- Nanomagnets for targeted cell-based cancer gene therapy
- NanoNeedles for delivery of genetic material into cells
- Nanomachines for gene delivery
- Application of pulsed magnetic field and superparamagnetic nanoparticles
- Nanocomposites for gene therapy
- Nonionic polymeric micelles for oral gene delivery
- Nanocarriers for simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs and DNA
- Delivery of siRNA by nanosize liposomes
- Nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery in cancer
- Nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery in cancer
- Anticancer drug particles incorporated in liposomes
- Cyclosert system for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics
- Encapsulating drugs in hydrogel nanoparticles
- Exosomes
- Folate-linked nanoparticles
- Iron oxide nanoparticles
- Lipid based nanocarriers
- Micelles for drug delivery in cancer
- Minicells for encapsulation and targeted delivery of nanoparticles
- Nanomaterials for delivery of poorly soluble anticancer drugs
- Nanoparticle formulations of paclitaxel
- Nanoparticles containing albumin and antisense oligonucleotides
- Non-aggregating nanoparticles
- Pegylated nanoliposomal formulation
- Perfluorocarbon nanoparticles
- Protosphere nanoparticle technology
- Multifunctional nanoparticles for treating brain tumors
- Nanoparticles for targeted delivery of drugs into the cancer cells
- Antiangiogenic therapy using nanoparticles
- Canine parvovirus as a nanocontainer for targeted drug delivery
- Carbon magnetic nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
- Carbon nanotubes for targeted drug delivery to cancer cells
- Fullerenes for enhancing tumor targeting by antibodies
- Gold nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
- Lipoprotein nanoparticles targeted to cancer-associated receptors
- Magnetic nanoparticles for remote-controlled drug delivery to tumors
- Nanocell for targeted drug delivery to tumor
- Nanodroplets for site-specific cancer treatment
- Nanoimmunoliposome-based system for targeted delivery of siRNA
- Nanoparticles for targeted antisense therapy of cancer
- Nanoparticles for delivery of suicide DNA to prostate tumors
- Polymer nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery in cancer
- Polymersomes for targeted cancer drug delivery
- Quantum dots and quantum rods for targeted drug delivery in cancer
- Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates
- Dendrimers for anticancer drug delivery
- Application of dendrimers in boron neutron capture therapy
- Application of dendrimers in photodynamic therapy
- Dendrimer-based synthetic vector for targeted cancer gene therapy
- Devices for nanotechnology-based cancer therapy
- Convection-enhanced delivery with nanoliposomal CPT-11
- Nanocomposite devices
- Nanoengineered silicon for brachytherapy
- Nanoparticles combined with physical agents for tumor ablation
- Nanoparticles for laser-induced cancer destruction
- Nanoparticles and thermal ablation
- Nanoparticles combined with ultrasound radiation of tumors
- Nanoparticles as adjuncts to photodynamic therapy of cancer
- Nanoparticles for boron neutron capture therapy
- RNA nanotechnology for delivery of cancer therapeutics
- Delivery of siRNAs for cancer
- Nanocarriers for simultaneous delivery of multiple anticancer agents
- Nanotechnology-based drug delivery to the CNS
- Nanoencapsulation for delivery of vitamin E for CNS disorders
- Nanoparticle technology for drug delivery across BBB
- Delivery across BBB using NanoDel? technology
- NanoMed technology to mask BBB-limiting characteristics of drugs
- Nanovesicles for transport across BBB
- Nanotechnology-based drug delivery to brain tumors
- Nanoparticles for delivery of drugs to brain tumors across BBB
- Intravenous gene delivery with nanoparticles into brain tumors
- Nanotechnology-based devices and implants for CNS
- Nanobiotechnology in cardiovascular drug delivery
- Liposomal nanodevices for targeted cardiovascular drug delivery
- Drugs encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles
- Nanotechnology-based drug-eluting stents
- Drugs encapsulated in biodegradable nanoparticles
- Magnetic nanoparticle-coated DES
- Nanopores to enhance compatibility of drug-eluting stents
- Low molecular weight heparin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles
- Injectable peptide nanofibers for myocardial ischemia
- Nanotechnology approach to the vulnerable plaque as cause of cardiac arrest
- Nanobiotechnology-based transdermal drug delivery
- Delivery of nanostructured drugs from transdermal patches
- Ethosomes for transdermal drug delivery
- NanoCyte transdermal drug delivery system
- Nanoparticle-based drug delivery to the inner ear
- Nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery
- Systemic drug delivery via pulmonary route
- Nanoparticle drug delivery for effects on the respiratory system
- Fate and toxicology of nanoparticles delivered to the lungs
- Nanoparticle drug formulations for spray inhalation
- Inhalation of glucose-sensitive nanoparticle for regulated release of insulin
- Pulmonary drug delivery by surface acoustic wave technology
- In vivo lung gene transfer using compacted DNA nanoparticles
- Nasal drug delivery using nanoparticles
- Mucosal drug delivery with nanoparticles
- Companies involved in nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery
- Future prospects of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
- Nanomolecular valves for controlled drug release
- Nanosponge for drug delivery
- Nanomotors for drug delivery
7.Clinical Applications of Nanobiotechnology
- Introduction
- Nanomedicine
- Clinical nanodiagnostics
- Nano-endoscopy
- Application of nanotechnology in radiology
- High-resolution ultrasound imaging using nanoparticles
- Nanobiotechnology combined with stem cell-based therapies
- Nanobiotechnology in tissue engineering
3D nanofilament-based scaffolds
- Electrospinning technology for bionanofabrication
- Carbon nanotubes for artificial muscles
- Nanomaterials for combining tissue engineering and drug delivery
- Nanobiotechnology for organ replacement and assisted function
- Exosomes for drug-free organ transplants
- Nanobiotechnology and organ-assisting devices
- Nanotechnology-based human nephron filter for renal failure
- Blood-compatible membranes for renal dialysis
- Nanosurgery
- Miniaturization in surgery
- Nanotechnology for hemostasis during surgery
- Minimally invasive surgery using catheters
- Nanorobotics
- Nanoscale laser surgery
- Nanooncology
- Nanobiotechnology for early detection of cancer to improve treatment
- Impact of nanotechnology-based imaging in management of cancer
- Nanoparticle-MRI for tracking dendritic cells in cancer therapy
- Nanoparticle-CT scan
- QDs aid lymph node mapping in cancer
- Nanosensor device as an aid to cancer surgery
- Role of nanoparticle-based imaging in oncology clinical trials
- Nanoparticle-based anticancer drug delivery to overcome MDR
- Nanoshells for thermal ablation in cancer
- Nanobody-based cancer therapy
- Nanoparticles for targeting tumors
- Nanocarriers with TGF- inhibitors for targeting cancer
- Nanoshell-based cancer therapy
- Nanobomb for cancer
- Combination of diagnostics and therapeutics for cancer
- Biomimetic nanoparticles targeted to tumors
- Dendrimer nanoparticles for targeting and imaging tumors
- Gold nanorods for diagnosis plus photothermal therapy of cancer
- Magnetic nanoparticles for imaging as well as therapy of cancer
- Nanoparticles, MRI and thermal ablation of tumors
- pHLIP nanotechnology for detection and targeted therapy of cancer
- QD conjugates combine cancer imaging, therapy and sensing
- Radiolabeled carbon nanotubes for tumor imaging and targeting
- Self-assembling nanoparticles for imaging and therapy of cancer
- Targeted therapy with magnetic nanomaterials guided by antibodies
- Ultrasonic tumor imaging and targeted chemotherapy by nanobubbles
- A cancer killing device based on nanotechnology
- Nanoparticles for protection against adverse effects of radiation therapy
- Fullerenes for protection against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity
- Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized management of cancer
- Concluding remarks on nanooncology
- Nanoneurology
- Nanobiotechnology for study of the nervous system
- Nanowires for monitoring brain activity
- Nanoparticles and MRI for macrophage tracking in the CNS
- Nanoparticles for tracking stem cells for therapy of CNS disorders
- Nanobiotechnology for neurotherapeutics
- Application of nanotechnology for neuroprotection
- Nanotube-neuron electronic interface
- Nanofibers as an aid to CNS regeneration by neural progenitor cells
- Nanobiotechnology-based devices for restoration of neural function
- Nanobiotechnology-based artificial retina
- Nanoneurosurgery
- Femtolaser neurosurgery
- Nanofiber brain implants
- Nanoparticles as an aid to neurosurgery
- Nanoparticles for repair of spinal cord injury
- Nanoscaffold for CNS repair
- Electrospun nanofiber tubes for regeneration of peripheral nerves
- PEBBLEs for brain tumor therapy
- Bucky balls for brain cancer
- Application of nanotechnology to pain therapeutics
- Nanotechnology-based management of diabetes
- Nanocardiology
- Nanotechnology-based diagnosis and treatment
- Use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles in cardiovascular disorders
- Cardiac monitoring in sleep apnea
- Detection and treatment of atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries
- Nanolipoblockers for atherosclerotic arterial plaques
- IGF-1 delivery by nanofibers to improve cell therapy for myocardial infarction
- Tissue engineering and regeneration of the cardiovascular system
- Restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty
- Nanotechnology-based personalized medicine for cardiovascular disorders
- Monitoring for disorders of blood coagulation
- Nanoorthopedics
- Application of nanotechnology for bone research
- Reducing reaction to orthopedic implants
- Enhancing the activity of bone cells on the surface of orthopedic implants
- Nanobone implants
- Synthetic nanomaterials as bone implants
- Carbon nanotubes as scaffolds for bone growth
- Aligning nanotubes to improve artificial joints
- Cartilage disorders of knee joint
- Role of nanotechnology in engineering of a replacement for cartilage
- Nanotechnology as an aid to arthroscopy
- Scanning force arthroscope
- Nanodentistry
- Bonding materials
- Dental caries
- Nanospheres for dental hypersensitivity
- Nanomaterials for dental filling
- Nanomaterials for dental implants
- Nanoophthalmology
- Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery
- Nanoparticle-based topical drug application to the eye
- Chitosan nanoparticles for topical drug application to the eye
- Polylactide nanoparticles for topical drug application to the eye
- Ophthalmic drug delivery through nanoparticles in contact lenses
- Nanoparticles for intraocular drug delivery
- DNA nanoparticles for nonviral gene transfer to the eye
- Nanotechnology for treatment for age-related macular degeneration
- Nanotechnology-based therapeutics for eye disorders
- Nano-engineered cornea
- Use of dendrimers in ophthalmology
- Nanotechnology for prevention of neovascularization
- Regeneration of the optic nerve
- DNA nanoparticles for gene therapy of retinal degenerative disorders
- Nanobiotechnology for treatment of glaucoma
- Nanomicrobiology
- Nanobiotechnology and virology
- Study of interaction of nanoparticles with viruses
- Study of pathomechanism of viral diseases
- Nanofiltration to remove viruses from plasma transfusion products
- Role of nanobacteria in human diseases
- Nature of nanobacteria
- Nanobacteria and kidney stone formation
- Nanobacteria in cardiovascular disease
- Nanotechnology-based microbicidal agents
- Nanoscale bactericidal powders
- Nanotubes for detection and destruction of bacteria
- Carbon nanotubes for protection against anthrax attack
- Nanoemulsions as microbicidal agents
- Silver nanoparticle coating as prophylaxis against infection
- Nanotechnology-based antiviral agents
- Nanocoating for antiviral effect
- Fullerenes as antiviral agents
- Nanoviricides
- Nanotechnology-based vaccines
- Nanofiltration of blood in viral diseases
- Nanoparticles to combat biological warfare agents
- Companies developing antiinfective agents
- Nanoimmunology
- Nanomedical aspects of oxidative stress
- Nanoparticle antioxidants
- Fullerene-based antioxidants
- Ceria nanoparticles as neuroprotective antioxidants
- Antioxidant nanoparticles for treating diseases due to oxidative stress
- Nanotechnology for wound healing
- Nanotechnology-based products for skin disorders
- Nanoparticles for improving targeted topical therapy of skin
- Topical nanocreams for inflammatory disorders of the skin
- Nanoparticle-based sun screens
- Cubosomes for treating skin disorders of premature infants
- Nanobiotechnology for disorders of aging
- Personal care products based on nanotechnology
- Nanotechnology for hair care
- Nanoparticles for chemo-radioprotection
- Role of nanobiotechnology in biodefense
- Nanosuspension formulations for treating bioweapon-mediated diseases
- Use of antidotes as nanoparticulate formulations
- Removal of toxins from blood
- Blood substitutes
- Artificial red cells
- Companies using nanotechnology for healthcare
- Nanobiotechnology for public health
- Nanobiotechnology and nutrition
- Nanobiotechnology and food industry
- Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized nutrition
- Nanobiotechnology research in the academic centers
- Future potential of nanomedicine
- US Federal funding for nanobiotechnology
- Nanomedicine initiative of NIH
- NIH Nanomedicine Center for Nucleoprotein Machines
- NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer
- Research in cancer nanotechnology sponsored by the NCI
- Global Enterprise for Micro-Mechanics and Molecular Medicine
8.Ethical, Safety and Regulatory issues
- Introduction
- Ethical, legal and social implications of nanobiotechnology
- Nanoethics
- Nanotechnology standards
- Preclinical testing of nanometerials for biological applications
- Safety concerns about nanobiotechnology
- Environmental safety of aerosols released from nanoparticle manufacture
- Toxicity of nanoparticles
- Testing for toxicity of nanoparticles
- Quantum dot safety issues
- Fullerene toxicity
- Gold nanoparticle toxicity
- Safety of carbon nanotubes in the body
- Fate of nanoparticles in the human body
- Pulmonary effects of nanoparticles
- Blood compatibility of nanoparticles
- Carbon nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation
- Compatibility of lipid-based nanoparticles with blood and blood cells
- Transfer of nanoparticles from mother to fetus
- Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles
- Nanoparticle deposits in the brain
- Measures to reduce toxicity of nanoparticles
- A screening strategy for the hazard identification of nanomaterials
- Concluding remarks on safety issues of nanoparticles
- Research into environmental effects of nanoparticles
- Role of US government agencies in research on safety of nanoparticles
- Work at NanoSafety Laboratories Inc UCLA
- Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology
- European NEST project for risk assessment of exposure to nanoparticles
- Efforts by nanotechnology companies to establish safety of nanoparticles
- Public perceptions of the safety of nanotechnology
- Evaluation of consumer exposure to nanoscale materials
- Safety of nanoparticle-based cosmetics
- Regulations in the European Union
- Nanotechnology-based sunscreens
- Cosmetic industrys white paper on nanoparticles in personal care
- EPA safety requirements for silver nanoparticles
- FDA regulation of nanobiotechnology products
- FDA and nanotechnology-based medical devices
- FDAs Nanotechnology Task Force
- FDA collaboration with agencies/organizations relevant to nanotechnology
- Regulation of nanotechnology in the European Union
- UK government policy on safety of nanoparticles
- Safety recommendations of the Royal Society of UK
- European Commission and safety of nanocosmetics
9.Nanobiotechnology Markets
- Introduction
- Markets according to areas of applications
- Markets for nanomedicine
- Markets for nanodiagnostics
- Imaging agents
- Pharmaceuticals
- Role of nanobiotechnology in drug delivery market
- Nanobiotechnology in life sciences research market
- Markets according to technologies
- Markets for nanomaterials
- Markets for biomedical nanodevices
- Markets for nanosensors
- Markets for nanotools
- Geographical distribution of markets
- Nanobiotechnology in the US
- Nanobiotechnology in the European Union
- Nano2Life
- European Technology Platform on NanoMedicine
- Nanobiotechnology in Australia
- Nanobiotechnology in Asia
- Japan
- South Korea
- China
- Taiwan
- India
- Nanobiotechnology in Russia
- Nanobiotechnology in the developing world
- Venture capital investment in nanotechnology
- Big pharma and nanotechnology
- Impact of nanobiotechnology on markets for current pharmaceuticals
- Unmet needs in nanobiotechnology
- Drivers for the development of nanobiotechnology markets
- Strategies for developing markets for nanobiotechnology
- Collaborations of industry with academic research centers
- Collaborations of pharmaceutical and nanotechnology companies
- Collaboration of chemical industry and the government
- Cost-benefit of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
- Education of healthcare professionals
- Education of the public
1References
Tables
- Table 1 1: Dimensions of various objects in nanoscale
- Table 1 2: Classification of basic nanobiotechnologies
- Table 1 3: Historical landmarks in the evolution of nanotechnology
- Table 2 1: Companies with nanoliter devices and biochip technologies
- Table 2 2: Applications of optical nanoscopy
- Table 2 3: Applications of cantilever technology
- Table 2 4: Companies that provide microscopes for nanobiotechnology
- Table 2 5: Nanobiotechnological applications of S-layers
- Table 2 6: Potential applications of dendrimers in nanobiotechnology
- Table 2 7: Nanomaterials for biolabeling
- Table 2 8: Companies providing services and products for nanobiotechnology industry
- Table 3 1: Nanomaterials for the study of mitochondria
- Table 3 2: Companies that provide nanotechnologies for life sciences research
- Table 4 1: Nanotechnologies with potential applications in molecular diagnostics
- Table 4 2: Nanobiotechnologies for single molecule detection
- Table 4 3: Companies developing nanomolecular diagnostics
- Table 5 1: Basic nanobiotechnologies relevant to drug discovery
- Table 5 2: Companies involved in nanobiotechnology-based drug discovery and development
- Table 6 1: Comparison of features of drug delivery by micronization vs nanonization
- Table 6 2: Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies used for drug delivery
- Table 6 3: Liposome-nanoparticle hybrid systems
- Table 6 4: Examples of application of nanoparticles for gene therapy
- Table 6 5: Classification of nanobiotechnology approaches to drug delivery in cancer
- Table 6 6: Companies involved in nanobiotechnology-based drug delivery
- Table 7 1: Nanomedicine in the 21st century
- Table 7 2: Applications of nanobiotechnology for neurological disorders
- Table 7 3: Companies using nanotechnology-based antiinfective agents
- Table 7 4: Companies using nanotechnology for healthcare and therapeutics
- Table 7 5: Applications of nanotechnologies in food and nutrition sciences
- Table 7 6: Non-commercial institutes/laboratories involved in nanobiotechnology
- Table 8 1: FDA-approved nanotechnology based drugs
- Table 9 1: Nanobiotechnology markets according to areas of application 2007-2017
- Table 9 2: Markets for nanobiotechnology according to technologies 2007-2017
- Table 9 3: Geographical distribution of nanobiotechnology markets 2007-2017
- Table 9 4: Drivers for the development of nanobiotechnology markets
- Table 9 5: Strategies for developing markets for nanobiotechnology
- Table 9 6: Cost-benefit of nanotechnology-based drug delivery
Figures
- Figure 1 1: Top-down and bottom-up approaches
- Figure 1 2: Relationship of nanobiotechnology to healthcare and related technologies
- Figure 2 1: Schematic representation of Dip Pen Nanolithography (DPN)
- Figure 2 2: The core, branching and surface molecules of dendrimers
- Figure 4 1: Scheme of bio-barcode assay
- Figure 4 2: Scheme of a novel optical mRNA biosensor
- Figure 4 3: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology
- Figure 4 4: Concept of nanopore-based sequencing
- Figure 5 1: Application of nanobiotechnology at various stages of drug discovery
- Figure 6 1: Bacteria plus nanoparticles for drug delivery into cells
- Figure 6 2: A lipid nanoparticle
- Figure 6 3: Lipid-protein nanotubes for drug delivery
- Figure 6 4: Nanocochleate-mediated drug delivery
- Figure 6 5: Nanodel? gene vector
- Figure 6 6: Use of micelles for drug delivery
- Figure 7 1: Role of nanobiotechnology in personalized management of cancer
- Figure 9 1: Components of the $1 trillion market for nanotechnologies in the year 2015
- Figure 9 2: Nanobiotechnology markets according to applications 2007-2017
- Figure 9 3: Geographical distribution of nanobiotechnology markets 2007-2017
- Figure 9 4: Unmet needs in nanobiotechnology applications