2008 Asian - Telecommunications Infrastructure

Publication Date	September 2008
Publisher	BuddeComm
Product Type	Report
Pages	274
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	BUD00311

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Summary

This report looks at the infrastructure that supports Asias telecommunications markets. The regional market has been continuing its overall strong growth phase and with that there has been a correspondingly strong development of infrastructure. The report looks at the telecom infrastructure in each of the regions economies. Governments across Asia have long recognised some earlier than others that there needed to be some encouragement of private sector investment to meet the demand for the all-important investment capital in the telecom sector. At the same time, it was generally well recognised that this strategy could not rely on local investment alone, and would inevitably mean a substantial level of foreign investment. Of course, despite this recognition, there has nevertheless been some resistance within governments to opening up the telecom sector to foreign investors and as a consequence the level of encouragement has been variable.

The changing nature of the telecom market has also had a major impact on the approach to investment in infrastructure. With shifting revenue patterns across the market segments and falling ARPUs on many services, operators have been more selective about what they actually invest in. Telecom operators throughout Asia have been increasing investment levels on the back of carefully considered investment strategies. This has seen companies shifting business focus, looking for new ways to add value to existing revenue streams; it has also seen a strong desire to leverage new value from infrastructure that is already in place.

Over a number of decades the economies of Asia have progressively built substantial fixed-line national networks followed by national mobile networks. In many of the developing nations of the region, the building of fixed-line infrastructure was not far advanced before it was overwhelmed by the introduction of mobile infrastructure. This has created the phenomenon of substitution in many of the markets of Asia (where mobile services perform the function of the non-existent fixed services.) Nevertheless, despite the unevenness in disposition, fixed infrastructure remains an important component in the overall development of the regions telecom sector. By March 2008, Asia had infrastructure in place supporting a total of more than two billion telephone subscribers; of these, more than 630 million were fixed-line subscribers, the remainder of course being mobile subscribers.

More recently the focus of infrastructure building has shifted to the upgrading of domestic telecoms networks to Next Generation Networks. Basically, this process is seeing large scale investment by Asias leading telecoms markets in new-generation IP-based telecommunications networks. Those countries that have government backing for NGN roll-out are the ones that are setting the pace. Even some of the lesser-developed markets are pushing hard on this front.

In addition to the national networks, international connectivity remains central to the overall effectiveness of the regions telecommunications services. Submarine cable routes criss-cross the Asia Pacific area, providing both intra-regional and inter-regional networks. This sector of the market has been characterised by fluctuating supply and demand, which in turn has seen somewhat erratic investment strategies. Over-supply of capacity has been a phenomenon in the market. More recently it has been recognised that investments need to be more focused on growth and less speculative. Starting in 2007, a series of new submarine cable projects were being proposed in the region, mainly trans-Pacific networks aimed at a particular predicted shortfall in capacity between Asia and the US as Asias broadband usage started to rapidly increase. However, it was not certain that all these projects would come to fruition, as their respective business cases undergo closer scrutiny.

In the meantime, players operating within the region, including VSNL, FLAG Telecom and PacNet (formerly Asia Netcom), among others, were lighting additional wavelength and fibre pairs on an as-needed basis. By adopting this incremental approach to managing spare circuit inventories the operators were working to bring lit bandwidth supply and bandwidth demand into balance. Operators needed to make more of what capacity they already had before getting involved in a new round of submarine network construction and another boom. As the demand for wholesale services has continued to rise in Asia, still driven in the short term by voice services, but in the longer term by data services, there has been a boom in IP-based services, with the volume of international VoIP traffic into and out of Asia increasing at a rapid rate at the expense of the traditional IDD traffic. In the short term this has distorted the demand for bandwidth. However, in the longer term, this will inevitably lead to demand for more optical fibre networks to support the necessary increased bandwidth.

Asia key developments in infrastructure 2007 - 2008

By March 2008, Asia had networks and infrastructure supporting a total of more than two billion telephone subscribers; of these, 630 million were fixed-line subscribers and just over 1.4 billion were mobile subscribers;
Asias developed markets had started building their NGNs, with IP shaping as the primary delivery platform for telecom services across the region;
The regions mobile market was growing at an annual rate of almost 30% by mid-2008, maintaining the pressure on operators to expand infrastructure to support their growing subscriber bases and usage levels;
It is estimated that Asia needs to invest at least US$1 trillion in new infrastructure over the next ten years to meet projected demand;
Asias submarine cable market was again attracting investor interest as the earlier over-supply problem seems dissipated and increasing demand for bandwidth puts new pressure on capacity;
Redundancy also remained a critical issue for submarine cable systems, providing an additional incentive for fresh investment in this form of infrastructure;
The region saw a number of new satellite launches in 2007/08 and more were scheduled as a steadier pattern of growth in this segment of the market was observed.

Peter Evans
September 2008

Data in this report is the latest available at the time of preparation and may not be for the current year.

Content

1. Afghanistan
- 1.1 Overview
- 1.2 Infrastructure Prjects
  - 1.2.1 Glbecmm Cntracts
  - 1.2.2 Awccs Micrwave Ring
2. Armenia
- 2.1 Lcal And Natinal
- 2.2 Internatinal
3. Azerbaijan
- 3.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
- 3.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
- 3.3 Trans-Asia-Eurpe (Tae) Cable Netwrk
4. Bangladesh
- 4.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 4.1.1 Fibre Ptic Netwrks
  - 4.1.2 Public Payphnes
  - 4.1.3 Grameen Telecm
- 4.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 4.2.1 Satellite Netwrks
  - 4.2.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
5. Bhutan
- 5.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 5.1.1 Very Small Aperture Terminals (Vsats)
  - 5.1.2 E-Shabtg
- 5.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
6. Brunei Darussalam
- 6.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 6.1.1 Telecmmunicatins Develpment Prject
  - 6.1.2 Public Payphnes
  - 6.1.3 Gsm Payphnes
  - 6.1.4 Brunei Infrmatin Infrastructure
- 6.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 6.2.1 Trans-Brne Optical Cable Netwrk
  - 6.2.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
  - 6.2.3 Satellite Netwrks
- 6.3 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 6.3.1 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 6.3.2 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
7. Cambodia
- 7.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
- 7.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 7.2.1 Greater Mekng Subregin Telecmmunicatins Cperatin Grup
8. China
- 8.1 Overview F Infrastructure Develpments In China
  - 8.1.1 Official Cndemnatin F Redundant Netwrk Cnstructin
  - 8.1.2 Analysis Chinas Telcs Need Structural Separatin January 2007
- 8.2 Natinal Telecm Netwrks
  - 8.2.1 Backbne Internet Netwrks
    - 8.2.1.1 Chinanet
    - 8.2.1.2 Shinsat/China Satcm
- 8.3 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 8.3.1 Submarine Cable Infrastructure
    - 8.3.1.1 Overview F Internatinal Fibre Ptic Netwrk Develpments
    - 8.3.1.2 Reginal And Internatinal Fibre Ptic Cable Prjects
  - 8.3.2 Satellite Infrastructure
    - 8.3.2.1 Overview
    - 8.3.2.2 China Direct Bradcast Satellite C Ltd (China Dbsat)
- 8.4 Fibre-T-The-Hme (Ftth)
  - 8.4.1 Market Verview
  - 8.4.2 Gigabit Ethernet/Fttx+Lan
- 8.5 Bradband Ver Pwerline (Bpl)/Pwerline Cmmunicatins (Plc)
- 8.6 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
  - 8.6.1 Wrlds Largest Ngn In The Wrks
    - 8.6.1.1 Chinanet Next Carrying Netwrk (Cn2)/Ipv6
  - 8.6.2 China Railway Fibre Netwrk
  - 8.6.3 High-Speed Netwrk Technlgies
    - 8.6.3.1 Synchrnus Digital Hierarchy (Sdh)
    - 8.6.3.2 Hybrid Fibre Cax (Hfc) Systems
    - 8.6.3.3 Dense Wavelength Divisin Multiplexing (Dwdm)
  - 8.6.4 Data And Multi-Media Cmmunicatins Netwrk
    - 8.6.4.1 Chinaddn
    - 8.6.4.2 Chinapac
    - 8.6.4.3 Chinafrn
- 8.7 Ip-Virtual Private Netwrk (Ip-Vpn)
  - 8.7.1 Grwth F Ip-Vpn In China
  - 8.7.2 Peer-T-Peer (P2p) Streaming
  - 8.7.3 Internatinal Ethernet Private Line (Iepl)
- 8.8 Ip Telephny/ Vip
  - 8.8.1 Market Verview
    - 8.8.1.1 Skype
    - 8.8.1.2 Vip Regulatry Issues
  - 8.8.2 Majr Vip Netwrks
    - 8.8.2.1 China Unicm
    - 8.8.2.2 China Telecm
    - 8.8.2.3 China Netcm
    - 8.8.2.4 China Mbile
    - 8.8.2.5 Jitng Netwrk Crpratin
    - 8.8.2.6 China Satcm
- 8.9 Telecms & It
  - 8.9.1 Data Cmmunicatins
    - 8.9.1.1 Public Data Netwrks
9. Georgia
- 9.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
- 9.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
10. Hong Kong
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Mainland Cnnectin
- 10.3 Natinal Infrastructure
- 10.4 Full Liberalisatin F Ftns Market
  - 10.4.1 Lcal And Std Calls
  - 10.4.2 Internatinal Calls
- 10.5 Submarine Cable Netwrks
  - 10.5.1 Level 3 Cmmunicatins Ltd
  - 10.5.2 Teleglbe (Vsnl Internatinal)
  - 10.5.3 Asia Netcm (Frmerly Asia Glbal Crssing)
  - 10.5.4 China Unicm (Hng Kng) Grup Ltd
  - 10.5.5 Hutchisn Glbal Telecmmunicatins (Hng Kng)
  - 10.5.6 C2c Pte Ltd
  - 10.5.7 Mci (Wrldcm)
  - 10.5.8 Telstra/Pccw Strategy
  - 10.5.9 Tricm Asia
- 10.6 Satellite Netwrks
  - 10.6.1 Asiasat
  - 10.6.2 Apstar
  - 10.6.3 Asia Bradcast Satellite (Abs)
11. India
- 11.1 Natinal Infrastructure
  - 11.1.1 Overview
  - 11.1.2 Netwrk Develpment
  - 11.1.3 Natinal Netwrk
  - 11.1.4 Tariffs
  - 11.1.5 Infrastructure Sharing
  - 11.1.6 Rural And Reginal Netwrks
    - 11.1.6.1 Village Public Telephnes (Vpts)
    - 11.1.6.2 Public Call Offices (Pcos)
  - 11.1.7 Fibre Ptic Cable Prjects
  - 11.1.8 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
- 11.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 11.2.1 Overview
  - 11.2.2 India-Pakistan
  - 11.2.3 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 11.2.3.1 Flag
    - 11.2.3.2 Netwrk I2i
    - 11.2.3.3 Tata-Indicm Cable
    - 11.2.3.4 Sea-Me-We
    - 11.2.3.5 Bharat Lanka Cable
    - 11.2.3.6 Vsnls Singapre-Hng Kng-Japan Cable
    - 11.2.3.7 Prpsed India, Middle East, Western Eurpe (I-Me-We) Cable
    - 11.2.3.8 Other Submarine Cable Prjects
  - 11.2.4 Satellite Cmmunicatins
    - 11.2.4.1 Insat
    - 11.2.4.2 Intelsat
    - 11.2.4.3 Shin Satellite
    - 11.2.4.4 Galile Prject
- 11.3 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 11.3.1 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 11.3.2 Ip Netwrks
  - 11.3.3 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
12. Indonesia
- 12.1 Natinal Infrastructure
  - 12.1.1 Overview
  - 12.1.2 Infrastructure Develpments
    - 12.1.2.1 Privatisatin Cmpensatin
    - 12.1.2.2 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 12.1.3 Jint Perating Service (Kso) Ventures Five-Zne Plan
    - 12.1.3.1 The Kso Strategy
    - 12.1.3.2 Difficulties With The Ksos
    - 12.1.3.3 Restructuring F Ksos
  - 12.1.4 Rural Telephny
  - 12.1.5 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
  - 12.1.6 Sumatra High Perfrmance Back Bne Prject
- 12.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 12.2.1 Internatinal Gateway Exchanges
  - 12.2.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 12.2.2.1 Sea-Me-We 4 Cable
  - 12.2.3 Satellite Netwrks
    - 12.2.3.1 Intrductin
    - 12.2.3.2 Palapa A And B System
    - 12.2.3.3 Palapa C System
    - 12.2.3.4 Palapa D
    - 12.2.3.5 Telkm Series
    - 12.2.3.6 Vsat Peratrs
    - 12.2.3.7 Pt Pasifik Satelit Nusantra (Psn)
13. Japan
- 13.1 Overview F Infrastructure Develpments In Japan
  - 13.1.1 The Push T Develp Next Generatin Netwrk (Ngn) Standards
  - 13.1.2 Opening Up The Last Mile
- 13.2 Regulatry Issues
  - 13.2.1 Plicy N Natinal Infrmatin Superhighway
  - 13.2.2 Gvernments It Basic Strategy
  - 13.2.3 Gvernment Plan Fr Ubiquitus Netwrks
- 13.3 Majr Natinal Infrastructure Players
  - 13.3.1 Crsswave Cmmunicatins
  - 13.3.2 Kddi Crp
  - 13.3.3 Ntt Crp
  - 13.3.4 Sftbank
    - 13.3.4.1 Japan Telecm
    - 13.3.4.2 Cable & Wireless Idc
  - 13.3.5 Tky Electric Pwer (Tepco) And Kansai Electric Pwer (Kepco)
  - 13.3.6 Willcm (Frmerly Ddi Pcket)
  - 13.3.7 Internet Initiative Japan (Iij)
  - 13.3.8 Jupiter Telecmmunicatins (J:Com)
  - 13.3.9 China Netwrk Cmmunicatins
- 13.4 Bradband Netwrks
- 13.5 Fibre-T-The-Hme (Ftth)
  - 13.5.1 Market Verview
  - 13.5.2 Develpment Patterns
  - 13.5.3 Fibre-T-The-Curb (Fttc)
- 13.6 Ipv6
- 13.7 Internatinal Submarine Cable Infrastructure
  - 13.7.1 Overview
- 13.8 Satellite Infrastructure
  - 13.8.1 Overview
  - 13.8.2 Plans Fr Pwerful Bradband Satellite Fr 2015
  - 13.8.3 Japanese Satellite Prvides Internet Access At 1.2gb/S
  - 13.8.4 Glbal Multimedia Mbile Satellite Cmmunicatins (Gmmsc)
  - 13.8.5 Inmarsat
  - 13.8.6 Asia Pacific Mbile Telecmmunicatins (Apmt)
  - 13.8.7 Japans Space Develpment Plan
  - 13.8.8 Majr Satellite Peratrs
    - 13.8.8.1 Jsat
    - 13.8.8.2 Bradcasting Satellite System Crpratin F Tky (Bsat)
    - 13.8.8.3 Space Cmmunicatins Crpratin (Scc)
    - 13.8.8.4 Ntt Dcm
    - 13.8.8.5 Panamsat
- 13.9 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 13.9.1 Overview
  - 13.9.2 Majr Vip Prviders
    - 13.9.2.1 Sftbank Crp / Yah! Bb
    - 13.9.2.1.1 Cable & Wireless Idc
    - 13.9.2.2 Ntt Crp
    - 13.9.2.3 Kddi Crp
    - 13.9.2.4 Nec Crp
    - 13.9.2.5 Bradband Cnsrtium Japan (Bb Japan) (Frmerly Mega Cnsrtium)
    - 13.9.2.6 Fusin Cmmunicatins Crp
    - 13.9.2.7 Japan Telecm
    - 13.9.2.8 Usen Crp
    - 13.9.2.9 K-Opticm
    - 13.9.2.10 Skype
  - 13.9.3 Regulatry Envirnment Fr Ip Telephny
14. Kazakhstan
- 14.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 14.1.1 Natinal Fibre Ptic Cable Netwrk
  - 14.1.2 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
- 14.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 14.2.1 Trans-Asia-Eurpe (Tae)
  - 14.2.2 Satellite Netwrks
15. Kyrgyzstan
- 15.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
- 15.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
16. Laos
- 16.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 16.1.1 Rural Telecm Prject
- 16.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 16.2.1 Terrestrial Cable Links
  - 16.2.2 Asian Develpment Bank Backbne Telecmmunicatins Netwrk
  - 16.2.3 Prpsed Satellite System
17. Macau
- 17.1 Dmestic And Internatinal
18. Malaysia
- 18.1 Overview
- 18.2 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 18.2.1 Custmer Access Netwrk (Can)
  - 18.2.2 Fixed-Line Netwrks
  - 18.2.3 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
  - 18.2.4 Fibre Ptic Backbnes
  - 18.2.5 Natinal Numbering Plan
  - 18.2.6 Crprate Infrmatin Superhighway (Coins)
  - 18.2.7 Infrastructure Audit
  - 18.2.8 Universal Service Prvisin (Usp)
  - 18.2.9 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
  - 18.2.10 Internet Prtcl Tv (Iptv)
- 18.3 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 18.3.1 Internatinal Gateways
  - 18.3.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 18.3.2.1 Apcn2
    - 18.3.2.2 Dumai-Malacca Cable System (Dmcs)
    - 18.3.2.3 Malaysia-Thailand
    - 18.3.2.4 Malaysia-Singapre-India
    - 18.3.2.5 West Malaysian Submarine Cable
    - 18.3.2.6 Sea-Me-We
    - 18.3.2.7 Asia-America Gateway
  - 18.3.3 Terrestrial Cable Netwrks
    - 18.3.3.1 China-Suth East Asia Cable (Csc)
  - 18.3.4 Satellite Netwrks
    - 18.3.4.1 Malaysia East Asia Satellite (Measat)
    - 18.3.4.2 Rimsat
    - 18.3.4.3 Micr-Satellites
    - 18.3.4.4 Glbalstar
    - 18.3.4.5 Multimedia Satellite Services (M2ss)
    - 18.3.4.6 Orbcomm
    - 18.3.4.7 Telekms Very Small Aperture Terminal (Vsat) Service
    - 18.3.4.8 Maxis Vsat
    - 18.3.4.9 Time Speedcast
- 18.4 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
19. Maldives
- 19.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
- 19.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 19.2.1 Satellite Netwrks
  - 19.2.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
20. Mongolia
- 20.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 20.1.1 Rural Services
- 20.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
21. Myanmar
- 21.1 Natinal Infrastructure
  - 21.1.1 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
- 21.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 21.2.1 Satellite
22. Nepal
- 22.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 22.1.1 Nepal East West Sdh Prject
- 22.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
23. North Korea
- 23.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 23.1.1 Telecmmunicatins Mdernisatin Plans
- 23.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 23.2.1 Satellite Netwrks
  - 23.2.2 Internatinal Calls
24. Pakistan
- 24.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 24.1.1 Fibre Ptic Netwrks
  - 24.1.2 Bradband Netwrk
  - 24.1.3 Payphnes And Public Call Offices (Pcos)
  - 24.1.4 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
  - 24.1.5 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngn)
- 24.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 24.2.1 Submarine Cable Netwrks
  - 24.2.2 Satellite Netwrks And Systems
  - 24.2.3 Vsat Netwrks
  - 24.2.4 Paksat Prject
- 24.3 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 24.3.1 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 24.3.2 Ip Netwrks
25. Philippines
- 25.1 Overview
- 25.2 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 25.2.1 Service Area Scheme (Sas)
  - 25.2.2 Certificates F Public Cnvenience And Necessity (Cpcn)
  - 25.2.3 Natinal Lng-Distance
  - 25.2.4 Payphnes
- 25.3 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 25.3.1 Internatinal Gateways
  - 25.3.2 Submarine Cable Netwrks
  - 25.3.3 Satellite Systems
  - 25.3.4 Carriers Carriers
    - 25.3.4.1 Philippine Cmmunicatins Satellite Crp (Philcmsat)
    - 25.3.4.2 Dmestic Satellite Philippines Inc (Dmsat)
    - 25.3.4.3 Capitl Wireless Inc (Capwire)
  - 25.3.5 Cmmn Carriers
- 25.4 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 25.4.1 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
  - 25.4.2 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 25.4.3 Vsat Services
  - 25.4.4 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
26. Singapore
- 26.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 26.1.1 Overview
    - 26.1.1.1 Intrductin F 8-Digit Fixed-Line Numbering Frmat
  - 26.1.2 Starhubs Netwrk
  - 26.1.3 The Mbileone Netwrk
  - 26.1.4 Fixed Mbile Cnvergence (Fmc)
  - 26.1.5 Triple Play Services
- 26.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 26.2.1 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 26.2.1.1 C2c
    - 26.2.1.2 Netwrk I2i
    - 26.2.1.3 Starhub Crssing
    - 26.2.1.4 Glbal Crssing
    - 26.2.1.5 Tata Indicm India-Singapre
    - 26.2.1.6 Thailand-Indnesia-Singapre Cable
    - 26.2.1.7 Sea-Me-We
    - 26.2.1.8 Thailand-Indnesia-Singapre (Tis) Cable
    - 26.2.1.9 Prpsed Cable Netwrks
    - 26.2.1.10 China-Sutheast Asia Cable
  - 26.2.2 Satellite Netwrks
- 26.3 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 26.3.1 Internatinal Services
  - 26.3.2 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
    - 26.3.2.1 Mediaring Ltd
  - 26.3.3 Internet Prtcl (Ip) Netwrks
    - 26.3.3.1 Singtel
    - 26.3.3.2 Starhub
    - 26.3.3.3 Infnet
    - 26.3.3.4 Alcatel-Lucent
  - 26.3.4 Ip-Vpns
  - 26.3.5 Next Generatin Natinal Infcmm Infrastructure (Next Gen Nii)
27. South Korea
- 27.1 Overview F Infrastructure Develpments In Suth Krea
  - 27.1.1 Intrductin
  - 27.1.2 Infrastructure Investment Verview
- 27.2 Regulatry Issues
  - 27.2.1 Gvernment Supprt Fr Infrastructure
  - 27.2.2 Krean Infrmatin Infrastructure (Kii) Prject
  - 27.2.3 It839 Strategy
- 27.3 Next Generatin Netwrk (Ngn)
  - 27.3.1 Market Verview
  - 27.3.2 Ubiquitus Krea (Ukrea)
- 27.4 Majr Natinal Infrastructure Players
- 27.5 Fibre-T-The-Hme (Ftth)
  - 27.5.1 Market Verview
- 27.6 Bradband Ver Pwerline (Bpl)/Pwerline Cmmunicatins (Plc)
- 27.7 Ipv6
- 27.8 Ip-Virtual Private Netwrk (Ip-Vpn)
- 27.9 Vice Ver Internet Prtcl (Vip)
  - 27.9.1 Market Verview
  - 27.9.2 Internet Phne Services G Mainstream
  - 27.9.3 Issuance F Vip Licences
    - 27.9.3.1 Issuance F Vip Phne Numbers
- 27.10 Apartment Lans
- 27.11 Natinal Submarine Cable Infrastructure
- 27.12 Internatinal Submarine Cable Infrastructure
- 27.13 Satellite Infrastructure
  - 27.13.1 Kreasat (Kt)
  - 27.13.2 Dacm
  - 27.13.3 Sk Telecm/Mbsat Satellite Fr Mbile Digital Multimedia Bradcasting (Dmb)
  - 27.13.4 Krea Aerspace Research Institute (Kari)
- 27.14 Data Cmmunicatins
  - 27.14.1 Kt Hitel (Kth)
  - 27.14.2 Krea Thrunet Data Services
  - 27.14.3 Integrated Services Digital Netwrk (Isdn)
  - 27.14.4 Value-Added Netwrks (Vans)
  - 27.14.5 Very Small Aperture Terminals (Vsats)
28. Sri Lanka
- 28.1 Overview
- 28.2 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 28.2.1 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
  - 28.2.2 Fibre Ptic Netwrk
  - 28.2.3 Payphnes
  - 28.2.4 Numbering Plan
  - 28.2.5 Internet Prtcl (Ip) Netwrks
  - 28.2.6 Rural Cmmunicatins
- 28.3 Internatinal Infrastructure
- 28.4 Telecm City Prject
29. Taiwan
- 29.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 29.1.1 Ngn/Ip Netwrks
  - 29.1.2 Netwrk Expansin
- 29.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 29.2.1 Submarine Cable Netwrks
  - 29.2.2 Satellite Netwrks
30. Tajikistan
- 30.1 Natinal And Internatinal
- 30.2 Infrastructure Develpments
  - 30.2.1 Next Generatin Netwrk (Ngn)
31. Thailand
- 31.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 31.1.1 Overview
  - 31.1.2 Next Generatin Netwrk (Ngn)
  - 31.1.3 Sdh Prject
  - 31.1.4 Public Payphnes
  - 31.1.5 Build-Transfer-Operate (Bto)
  - 31.1.6 Fibre-T-The-Hme (Ftth)
- 31.2 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 31.2.1 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 31.2.1.1 Malaysia-Thailand
    - 31.2.1.2 Thailand-Vietnam-Hng Kng (Tvh) Cable
    - 31.2.1.3 Asia-Pacific Cable Netwrk (Apcn)
    - 31.2.1.4 Asia-Pacific Cable Netwrk 2 (Apcn2)
    - 31.2.1.5 Sea-Me-We
    - 31.2.1.6 Sea-Me-We
    - 31.2.1.7 Thailand-Indnesia-Singapre (Tis) Cable
    - 31.2.1.8 Terrestrial Cable Netwrks
    - 31.2.1.8.1 China-Suth East Asia Cable (Csc)
  - 31.2.2 Satellite Netwrks
    - 31.2.2.1 Overview
    - 31.2.2.2 Natinal Satellite Netwrk
    - 31.2.2.3 Thaicm 1a And Thaicm
    - 31.2.2.4 Thaicm
    - 31.2.2.5 Ipstar-1
    - 31.2.2.6 Thaicm
    - 31.2.2.7 Key Players
    - 31.2.2.7.1 Shin Satellite
    - 31.2.2.7.2 Acumen C Ltd
    - 31.2.2.7.3 Asia Mbile Telecmmunicatins Thailand (Amt)
32. Timor Leste
- 32.1 Internatinal Infrastructure
  - 32.1.1 Satellite Netwrks
33. Turkmenistan
- 33.1 Natinal And Internatinal
34. Uzbekistan
- 34.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 34.1.1 Fibre Ptic Cables
- 34.2 Satellite Cmmunicatins
35. Vietnam
- 35.1 Natinal Telecm Netwrk
  - 35.1.1 Backgrund T Develpment
  - 35.1.2 Payphnes
  - 35.1.3 Crdinatin F Infrastructure Develpment
  - 35.1.4 Next Generatin Netwrks (Ngns)
  - 35.1.5 Wireless Lcal Lp (Wll)
- 35.2 Natinal Infrastructure Prjects
  - 35.2.1 Sk Telecm
- 35.3 Internatinal
  - 35.3.1 Submarine Cable Netwrks
    - 35.3.1.1 Thailand-Vietnam-Hng Kng
    - 35.3.1.2 The China Suth East Asia Cable
    - 35.3.1.3 Sea-Me-We
    - 35.3.1.4 Sea-Me-We
    - 35.3.1.5 Asia-America Gateway (Aag) Cable System
  - 35.3.2 Satellite Netwrks
    - 35.3.2.1 Vinasat
36. Glossary Of Abbreviations
List Of Tables
- Table 1 Fixed-Line Subscribers And Teledensity In Afghanistan 1994; 2000 - 2007
- Table 2 Fixed Lines Installed In Afghanistan 2002 - 2006
- Table 3 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Armenia 1991 - 2007
- Table 4 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Azerbaijan 1995 - 2007
- Table 5 Fixed-Lines And Teledensity In Bangladesh 1995 - 2007
- Table 6 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Bhutan 1995 - 2007
- Table 7 Fixed Lines In Service In Brunei Darussalam 1990 - 2007
- Table 8 Fixed Lines In Service In Cambdia 1995 - 2007
- Table 9 Netwrk Distributin F Bandwidth In China 2003 - 2007
- Table 10 Registered Tm-Skype Users In China 2005 - 2007
- Table 11 China Unicm Ild: Pstn Versus Vip Traffic 2003 - 2007
- Table 12 China Netcm Lng-Distance Telephny: Pstn Versus Vip Traffic 2003 - 2007
- Table 13 Public Data And Multimedia Users In China 1998 - 2000; 2005; 2010
- Table 14 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Gergia 1995 - 2007
- Table 15 Fixed-Line In Service And Teledensity In Hng Kng 1994 - 2007
- Table 16 Asiasat Revenue And Prfit 2005 - 2006
- Table 17 Asiasat Satellite Utilisatin 2005 - 2006
- Table 18 Apt Sat Revenue And Prfit 2001 - 2006
- Table 19 Apt Sat Satellite Utilisatin 2003 - 2006
- Table 20 Fixed-Line Subscribers And Teledensity In India 1995 - 2005
- Table 21 Fixed-Line Subscribers And Teledensity In India 2005 - 2007
- Table 22 Grwth F Vpt Scheme In India 2001 - 2007
- Table 23 Pcos In Peratin And Market Share By Peratr In India September 2007
- Table 24 Fixed Wll Subscribers In India 2004 - 2006
- Table 25 Internatinal Undersea Cable Capacity In India 1997 - 2007
- Table 26 Natinal Netwrk Statistics And Annual Grwth In Indnesia 2005 - 2007
- Table 27 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Indnesia 1995 - 2007
- Table 28 Fixed Lines Subscribers And Annual Change By Peratr In Indnesia 2007
- Table 29 Pt Telkm Fixed Lines In Service 2005 - 2007
- Table 30 Five-Year Uso Deplyment F Lines Plan Fr Villages In Indnesia 2006 - 2010
- Table 31 Fixed Wireless (Wll) Subscribers By Peratr In Indnesia 2007
- Table 32 Pt Telkm Fixed Wireless Subscribers 2007
- Table 33 Vip Subscriber Grwth In Japan 2003 - 2007
- Table 34 Vip Subscribers And Market Share By Peratr In Japan September 2007
- Table 35 Vip Subscribers By Number Categry In Japan September 2007
- Table 36 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Kazakhstan 1995 - 2007
- Table 37 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Kyrgyzstan 1991 - 2007
- Table 38 Fixed Lines In Service In Las 1995 - 2007
- Table 39 Fixed-Lines And Teledensity In Macau 1991 - 2008
- Table 40 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Malaysia 1995 - 2007
- Table 41 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In The Maldives 1995 - 2007
- Table 42 Fixed-Line Subscribers By Regin In The Maldives Octber 2007
- Table 43 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Mnglia 1994 - 2007
- Table 44 Fixed Lines In Service In Myanmar 1990; 1995 - 2007
- Table 45 Fixed-Lines In Service And Teledensity In Nepal 1995 - 2007
- Table 46 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Nrth Krea 1990 - 2005
- Table 47 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Pakistan 1991 - 2007
- Table 48 Wll Subscriber Grwth In Pakistan 2005 - 2007
- Table 49 Wll Peratr Subscribers And Market Share In Pakistan September 2007
- Table 50 Fixed Subscriber Grwth Wireline And Wireless (Wll) In Pakistan 2005 - 2007
- Table 51 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In The Philippines 1994 - 2007
- Table 52 Ttal Sas Lines Installed By Peratrs At Target Date In The Philippines End-2002
- Table 53 Fixed Lines Installed Versus Lines In Peratin And Penetratin Rate In The Philippines 1995 - 2007
- Table 54 Fixed Lines In Service And Penetratin In Singapre 1998 - 2008
- Table 55 Isdn Subscribers In Suth Krea 1994 - 2006
- Table 56 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Sri Lanka 1995 - 2008
- Table 57 Wll Subscribers In Sri Lanka 1996 - 2008
- Table 58 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Taiwan 1995 - 2007
- Table 59 Internatinal Utging Calls Verview In Taiwan 1980; 1985; 1990; 1995; 2000 - 2006
- Table 60 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Tajikistan 1995 - 2007
- Table 61 Fixed-Lines And Teledensity In Thailand 1995 - 2007
- Table 62 Number F Public Payphnes By Prvider In Thailand 2006
- Table 63 Fixed Lines In Service In Timr Leste 1995; 1998 - 2000; 2003 - 2007
- Table 64 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Turkmenistan 1991 - 2007
- Table 65 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Uzbekistan 1991 - 2007
- Table 66 Fixed Lines In Service And Teledensity In Vietnam 1990 - 2008
List Of Exhibits
- Exhibit 1 Telemedicine In Afghanistan June 2007
- Exhibit 2 Majr Submarine Cables With Landing Pints In Brunei Darussalam 2007
- Exhibit 3 Reginal/Internatinal Fibre Ptic Cable Netwrks
- Exhibit 4 Selected Chinese Satellite Service Prviders And Satellites
- Exhibit 5 China Satcm Satellite Fleet
- Exhibit 6 Fixed Telecmmunicatins Netwrk Services (Ftns) Licensees In Hng Kng 2007
- Exhibit 7 Majr Submarine Cables With Landing Pints In Hng Kng 2006
- Exhibit 8 External Ftns Licensees In Hng Kng Nvember 2007
- Exhibit 9 Satellite Based External Ftns Licensees In Hng Kng August 2007
- Exhibit 10 Isro Satellite Netwrk March 2008
- Exhibit 11 Original Cnsrtia And Kso Perating In Each Gegraphical Zne In Indnesia
- Exhibit 12 Indnesian Satellites 2007
- Exhibit 13 Majr Glbal/Reginal Submarine Cables With Landing Pint In Japan 2006
- Exhibit 14 Cnstructin F The Natinal Infrmatin Highway (Nih) Backbne In Kazakhstan
- Exhibit 15 Majr Submarine Cables With Landing Pints In The Philippines 2008
- Exhibit 16 Internatinal Submarine Cable Systems With Singapre Landing 2007
- Exhibit 17 Natinal Submarine Fibre Ptic Cables And Statistics In Suth Krea
- Exhibit 18 Internatinal Submarine Fibre Ptic Cables And Statistics In Suth Krea
- Exhibit 19 External Gateway Operatr (Ego) Licences In Sri Lanka
- Exhibit 20 Key Service Cncessins In Thailand
- Exhibit 21 Natinal Satellite Netwrk In Thailand 2007