Lightweight Materials in Transportation

Publication Date	May 2007
Publisher	BCC Research
Product Type	Report
Pages
ISBN Number	not applicable
Product Code	BCC00135

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Summary

Introduction

Reducing structural weight is one of the most important ways of reducing fuel consumption and improving the performance of motor vehicles and other types of transportation equipment. For example, an estimated 75% of the average motor vehicle's fuel consumption directly related to factors associated with vehicle weight

Less weight, consistent with other performance and safety requirements, means more useful work can be extracted from a unit of fuel or other energy source. In addition, weight-reducing technologies are critical to the success of new, highly efficient energy technologies such as hybrid vehicles.

Downsizing is one approach to reducing structural weight. However, practical considerations, safety standards, and consumer preferences combine to limit the potential for reducing the weight of most transportation systems further through downsizing.

The alternative to downsizing is the development of materials that combine relatively low mass (weight) with the requisite strength, flexibility, and other performance criteria. The aircraft industry was the first to introduce lightweight materials (e.g., aluminum alloys) on a widespread scale beginning in the 1920s. This continues today with the adoption of lightweight composite materials.

Other industries, particularly the automotive industry, did not embrace lightweight materials as rapidly as the aircraft industry. However, in the 1990s automakers doubled their use of aluminum in an effort to reduce vehicle weight to meet federal fuel economy standards. While the Aluminum Association projects that automotive demand for aluminum should slow in the early 21st century, automakers are now incorporating growing amounts of composites in their products.

Scope Of Study

This report:

Evaluates the uses of, and markets for, high-technology lightweight materials in key worldwide transportation markets. A comprehensive analysis of these materials across numerous transportation markets and detailed forecasts to 2012 is provided.
Quantifies market segments, sizes and futures, but also reinforces the growing trend toward globalization in manufacturing. Information presented gives you a hands-on estimate of how globalization in this key materials market is accelerating.
Includes present and projected future applications and materials and new market opportunities in these key segments: aeronautics and space, automotive, trucks, trailers, mass transit, bus, subway, etc., off-highway equipment, railroad cars, containers, recreational-sports vehicles, seagoing vessels
Covers materials by application including metals/metal alloys/MMCs, thermoplastics/thermosets, polymer matrix composites, hybrid structures, other materials and processing methods, too
Includes market shares, R&D developments, patent analyses and complete company profiles.

Report Highlights

The total global consumption of lightweight materials used in transportation equipment was 42.8 million tons/$80.5 billion in 2006 and will increase to 68.5 million tons/$106.4 billion by 2011, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.9% in tonnage terms and 5.7% in value terms between 2006 and 2011.
High strength steel accounts for the largest percentage of total tons of lightweight materials consumed, followed by aluminum and plastics. In value terms, plastics with their relatively high unit prices are the largest market segment. Aluminum and high strength steel are the second and third largest product segments.
Motor vehicles, particularly passenger cars and light trucks, are by far the largest end-user segment. Shipbuilding was the second largest consumer of lightweight materials, while the aircraft industry ranks second in the value of the lightweight materials consumed.

Content

Introduction
- Background
- Study Goals And Objectives
- Intended Audience
- Scope Of Report
- Informaton Sources And Methodology
- Analyst Credentials
- Related Bcc Reports
- Bcc Online Services
- Disclaimer
Executive Summary
- Summary Table: Global Market For Lightweight Materials In Transportation, Through
- Summary Figure: Trends In Global Market For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Billions)
Overview
- Definitions
  - Lightweight Materials
  - Transportation Equipment
- Importance Of Lightweight Materials
  - Fuel Consumption In The Transport Sector
  - Transport Sector Contribution To Greenhouse Gas And Other Emissions
    - Greenhouse Gases
    - Other Pollutants
  - Role Of Lightweight Materials In Reducing Transport Energy Consumption And Emissions
  - Tradeoffs
    - Safety Aspects Of Lightweight Materials
    - Cost
    - Durability/ Reliability
    - Recyclability
    - Conservatism
- End-User Segments
  - Motor Vehicles
    - Historical Production
    - Future Production
    - Vehicle Weight And Materials Use
  - Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock
    - Historical Production
    - Future Shipments
    - Weight And Materials Requirements
  - Ships
    - Historical Deliveries
    - Future Deliveries
    - Weight And Materials Use
  - Aircraft
    - Historical Aircraft Deliveries
    - Future Deliveries
    - Weight And Materials Requirements
Lightweight Materials For Transportation Applications
- Overview
  - Metals And Alloys
    - High-Strength Steel
    - Description
    - Technologies
    - Carbon-Manganese Steel
    - High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
    - Advanced High-Strength Steels
    - Dual-Phase Steels
    - Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steels
    - High Hole Expansion Steels
    - Complex Phase Steels
    - Martensitic Steels
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Body Structures
    - Other Applications
    - Suspensions
    - Light Truck Structures
    - Rail Cars
    - Shipbuilding
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
    - Aluminum
    - General Description
    - Types Of Aluminum Alloys
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock
    - Shipbuilding
    - Aircraft
    - Light Aircraft
    - Commercial Airliners And Transport Aircraft
    - Helicopters
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
    - Titanium
    - Description
    - Material Types
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Exhausts
    - Springs
    - Engine Valves
    - Shipbuilding
    - Aircraft
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
    - Magnesium
    - Description
    - Material Types
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Aircraft
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
  - Plastics
    - Description
    - Material Types
    - Commonly Used Plastics
    - Polypropylene
    - Polyvinyl Chloride
    - Thermoplastic Olefins
    - Polycarbonate
    - Polyurethane
    - Polyethylene
    - Nylon
    - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
    - Polyetheretherketone
    - Polyphenyl Sulfone
    - Polyetherimide
    - End Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Aircraft
    - Other End Uses And Applications
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
  - Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites
    - Description
    - Material Types
    - Thermoset Composites
    - Resin Systems
    - Polyester
    - Epoxies
    - Reinforcements
    - Glass
    - Carbon
    - Thermoplastic Composites
    - Resin Systems
    - Reinforcements
    - Nanocomposites
    - Resin Systems
    - Fillers
    - Montmorillonite
    - Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Automotive Applications
    - Railway Equipment
    - Shipbuilding
    - Aircraft
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
  - Metal Matrix Composites
    - Description
    - Types Of Materials
    - Aluminum Composites
    - Superalloy Composites
    - Titanium Composites
    - End Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Railway Equipment
    - Aircraft
    - Prices
    - Manufacturers
  - Hybrid Materials
    - Description
    - Material Types
    - Plastic/Metal Hybrids
    - Fiber-Reinforced Metal Laminates
    - End-Users And Applications
    - Motor Vehicles
    - Front Ends
    - Other Components
    - Aircraft
    - Manufacturers
Patent Analysis
- Overview
- Patents And Patent Applications By Type Of Material
- Patents/Patent Applications By Type Of Transport Application
Public Policy Dimensions Of Lightweight Materials
- Background
- United States
  - Fuel Economy Standards
    - Energy Policy And Conservation Act Of
    - National Energy Act Of
    - State And Local Legislation
  - Safety Standards
- European Union
  - Fiscal Policy
    - Motor Vehicle Fuel Taxes
    - Taxes On Jet Fuel
  - Safety Standards
- Japan
  - Fuel Economy Standards
  - Fuel Taxes
  - Safety Standards
- Other Countries
  - China
    - Fuel Economy Standards
    - Vehicle Safety Standards
  - India
Global Market For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment
- Summary
  - Overall Market
  - Market By Type Of Material
  - Market By End-User Segment
- Detailed Market Estimates And Projections
  - Motor Vehicles
    - Summary
    - Automobiles And Light Trucks
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - High-Strength Steel
    - Aluminum
    - Titanium
    - Magnesium
    - Plastics
    - Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites
    - Metal Matrix Composites
    - Hybrid Materials
    - Market Drivers
    - Production Of Passenger Cars And Light Trucks
    - Market Penetration
    - Price Levels
    - Market Projections, 2006 To
    - Heavy Trucks
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - Market Drivers
    - Production Of Heavy Trucks
    - Lightweight Materials Market Penetration
    - Lightweight Materials Price Trends
  - Market Projections, 2006 To
    - Buses
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - Market Drivers
    - Bus Shipments
    - Lightweight Materials Market Penetration
    - Lightweight Materials Price Trends
    - Market Projections,
  - Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - High-Strength Steel
    - Aluminum Alloy
    - Plastics
    - Frp Composites
    - Metal Matrix Composites
    - Market Drivers
    - Railway Car Shipments
    - Lightweight Materials Market Penetration
    - Lightweight Materials Price Trends
    - Market Projections,
  - Shipbuilding
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - Aluminum Alloy
    - Plastics And Frp Composites
    - Market Drivers
    - Ship Production
    - Lightweight Materials Market Penetration
    - Lightweight Materials Price Trends
    - Market Projections,
  - Commercial And Civilian Aircraft
    - Consumption Of Lightweight Materials,
    - Market Drivers
    - Production Of Commercial Airliners And Freighters
    - Lightweight Materials Market Penetration
    - Lightweight Materials Price Trends
    - Projected Market Through
Company Profiles
- Advanced Magnesium Alloys Corp
- Aerospace Metal Composites
- Akzo Nobel N.V.
- Alcoa Inc.
- Arvin Meritor, Inc.
- Azdel, Inc.
- Basell Polyolefins Company
- Basf Ag
- Bayer Material Science Ag
- Cytec Industries Inc.
- Dow Chemical Co.
- E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
- Dwa Aluminum Composites
- Exatec Gmbh & Co. Kg
- Fmw Composite Systems, Inc.
- Freightcar America
- Ge Plastics
- Hexcel Corp.
- Holland Company
- Lanxess Ag
- Magnesium Elektron
- Martin Marietta Composites
- Messier-Dowty
- Metal Matrix Cast Composites Llc
- Mx Composites Ab
- Noble Polymers
- Polyone Corp.
- Raymor Industries Inc.
- Renton Coil Spring Co.
- Rhodia Sa
- Siemens Ag
- Solvay Sa
- Technical Polymers Ticona
3m Company
- Titanium Metals Corporation
- Ube Industries, Ltd.
- U.S. Steel Corp.
- Vartech, Inc.
- Verkhnaya Salda Metallurgical Production Assocation
- Victrex Plc
List Of Tables
- Summary Table: Global Market For Lightweight Materials In Transportation, Through
- Table 1 Transportation Equipment Materials Consumption, Through 2011 (Tons)
- Table 2 Global Motor Vehicle Production By Type, Through 2005 (Million Units)
- Table 3 Projected Motor Vehicle Production By Type, Through 2011 (Million Units)
- Table 4 Global Shipments Of Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock, 2005 (Units)
- Table 5 Projected Shipments Of Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock, Through 2011 (Units)
- Table 6 Average Weight Of Railway Locomotives And Rolling Stock (Tons Per Unit)
- Table 7 World Ship Deliveries, Through 2005 (Million Tons)
- Table 8 World Ship Deliveries, Through 2011 (Million Gross Tons)
- Table 9 Global Deliveries Of Civilian Aircraft, Through 2011 (Units/$ Billions)
- Table 10 Civilian Aircraft Average Unloaded Weight, By Type Of Aircraft, 2005 (Pounds)
- Table 11 Major End-Users And Applications Of High-Strength Steel
- Table 12 Major Manufacturers Of Lightweight Steel For Transportation Applications
- Table 13 Aluminum Alloy Designations
- Table 14 Average Light Vehicle Aluminum Content, By Region Of Manufacture And Year, Though 2006 (Pounds Per Vehicle)
- Table 15 Major Manufacturers Of Aluminum For Transportation Applications
- Table 16 Titanium Alloys Commonly Used In Aerospace Applications.
- Table 17 Titanium Applications In Motor Vehicles
- Table 18 Major Suppliers Of Titanium And Titanium Products For Transportation Applications
- Table 19 Major Suppliers Of Magnesium And Magnseium Products For Transportation Applications
- Table 20 Commonly Used Plastics In Transportation Applications
- Table 21 Typical Plastics Applications In Motor Vehicles
- Table 22 Typical Plastics Applications In Aircfaft
- Table 23 Prices Of Plastics Used In Transportation Applications (Average $/Lb)
- Table 24 Major Manufacturers Of Plastics For Transportation Applications
- Table 25 Typical Smc/Bmc Formulation
- Table 26 Typical Composite Applications In Motor Vehicles
- Table 27 Automotive Applications Of Nanocomposite Materials
- Table 28 Major Manufacturers Of Polymer Composites For Transportation Applications
- Table 29 Potential Automotive Applications Of Mmcs
- Table 30 Potential Commercial/General Aviation Applications Of Mmcs
- Table 31 Major Manufacturers Of Metal Matrix Composites For Transportation Applications
- Table 32 Major Manufacturers Of Hybrid Materials For Transportation Applications
- Table 33 Global Market Forecast For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment, Through 2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 34 Global Market Forecast For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment By End-User Segment, Through 2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 35 Global Lightweight Transportation Materials Market Shares By End-User Segment, 2005 Vs. 2011 (Percentage Of Total Tons/Value Of Lightweight Materials Consumed)
- Table 36 Global Consumption Forecast Of Lightweight Materials Used In Motor Vehicles, Through 2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 37 Lightweight Materials Consumed In Production Of Passenger Cars And Light Trucks (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 38 Projected Global Shipments Of Passenger Cars And Other Light Vehicles, Through 2011 (Million Units)
- Table 39 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Passenger Cars And Light Trucks, Through
- Table 40 Projected Weight Of Lightweight Material Used In Heavy Trucks, 2005-2011 (Million Tons)
- Table 41 Projected Average Price Of Aluminum Alloys Used In Heavy Trucks, 2005-2011 ($/Ton)
- Table 42 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Heavy Trucks, Through 2011*
- Table 43 Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Buses, 2005 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 44 Market Penetration Ratios For Lightweight Materials Used In Railway Equipment, 2005-2011 (Percent Of Total Materials Weight)
- Table 45 Prices Of Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Buses, 2005-2011 ($/Ton)
- Table 46 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Buses, Through 2011*
- Table 47 Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Railway Equipment, 2005 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 48 Market Penetration Ratios For Lightweight Materials Used In Railway Equipment, 2005-2011 (Percent Of Total Materials Weight)
- Table 49 Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Railway Equipment, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 50 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Railway Locomotives And Cars, Through
- Table 51 Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Commercial Ships, 2005 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 52 Commercial Ship Aluminum Alloy Content, By Type Of Ship
- Table 53 Projected Weight Of Material Used In Commercial Shipbuilding,
- Table 54 Market Penetration Ratios For Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial Shipbuilding, 2005-2011 (Percent Of Total Materials Weight)
- Table 55 Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial Shipbuilidng, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 56 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Shipbuilding, Through 2011*
- Table 57 Lightweight Materials Used In Fabrication Of Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 58 Projected Weight Of Material Used In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005-2011 (Tons)
- Table 59 Market Penetration Ratios For Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005-2011 (Percent Of Total Materials Weight)
- Table 60 Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Millions)
- Table 61 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, Through
List Of Figures
- Summary Figure: Trends In Global Market For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Billions)
- Figure 1 Transportation Sector Share Of Global Oil Consumption, 2003 And 2010 (%)
- Figure 2 Global Fuel Consumption By Transport Mode, 2005 (%)
- Figure 3 Global Transport Sector Contribution To Greenhouse Gas Emissions (%)
- Figure 4 Comparative Cost/Strength Of Steel Vs. Lightweight Materials For Vehicle Primary Structures ($/Lb And Gpa)
- Figure 5 Cfrp Fabrication Costs Using Different Fabrication Methods ($/Lb)
- Figure 6 Trends In Transportation Equipment Materials Consumption, 2005-2011 (Tons)
- Figure 7 Major End-User Shares Of Transportation Equipment Materials Consumption, 2005 Vs. 2011 (%)
- Figure 8 Global Production Of Motor Vehicles By Type, 2005 (%)
- Figure 9 Trends In Global Motor Vehicle Production By Type, 1998-2005 (Million Units)
- Figure 10 Future Trends In Production Of Motor Vehicles By Type, 2005-2011 (Million Units)
- Figure 11 Average Vehicle Weights By Class, 2005 (Pounds)
- Figure 12 Total Motor Vehicle Material USAge (Million Tons)
- Figure 13 Total Railway Locomotive And Rolling Stock Material USAge (Million Tons)
- Figure 14 Trends In World Ship Deliveries, 2001-2005 (Million Gross Tons)
- Figure 15 Projected Ship Deliveries, 2005-2011 (Million Gross Tons)
- Figure 16 Steelweight Of Projected Ship Deliveries, 2005-2011 (Million Tons)
- Figure 17 Global Civil Aircraft Deliveries, 2005 (%)
- Figure 18 Trends In Global Deliveries Of Civilian Aircraft, 2005-2011 (Units)
- Figure 19 Total Civilian Aircraft Materials USAge, 2005-2011 (Million Tons)
- Figure 20 Trends In Global Carbon Steel Prices, 1995-2006 (April 1994 = 100)
- Figure 21 Trends In Average Light Vehicle Aluminum Content, By Region Of Manufacture And Year, 1990-2006 (Pounds Per Vehicle)
- Figure 22 Main Aluminum Applications In Passenger Cars And Light Trucks, 2006 (Pounds Per Vehicle)
- Figure 23 Aluminum Alloy Price Trends, 1995-2005 ($/Short Ton)
- Figure 24 Trends In Average Magnesium Alloy Prices, 2005-2011 ($/Ton)
- Figure 25 U.S. Patents Issued Through June 2006 And Patent Applications Relating To Lightweight Materials For Transportation Applications, By Type Of Material (Percent Of All Patents)
- Figure 26 U.S. Patents Issued Through June 2006 And Patent Applications Relating To Lightweight Materials For Transportation Applications, By Type Of Application (Percent Of All Patents)
- Figure 27 Trends In Global Market For Lightweight Materials Used In Transportation Equipment, 2005-2011 (Million Tons/$ Billions)
- Figure 28 Global Lightweight Transportation Materials Market Shares By Type Of Material, 2005 Vs. 2011 (Percentage Of Total Tons Consumed)
- Figure 29 Global Lightweight Transportation Materials Market Dollar Shares By Type Of Material, 2005 Vs. 2011 (Percentage Of Total Value Of Lightweight Materials Consumed)
- Figure 30 Lightweight Materials Tonnage Shares Of Motor Vehicle Market, 2005 -2011 (Percentage Of Total Tons Of Lightweight Materials Consumed)
- Figure 31 Lightweight Materials Dollar Shares Of Motor Vehicle Market, 2005-2011 (Percentage Of Total Tons Of Lightweight Materials Consumed)
- Figure 32 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Autos And Light Trucks, 2005 (Percentage Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 33 Automobile And Light Truck Consumption Of Lightweight Materials, 2005 (%)
- Figure 34 Trends In Worldwide Shipments Of Passenger Cars And Other Light Vehicles, 2005-2011 (Million Units)
- Figure 35 Market Penetration Ratios For Lightweight Materials Used In Autos And Light Trucks, 2005-2011 (Percent Of Total Materials Weight)
- Figure 36 Price Trends For Lightweight Materials Used In Autos And Light Trucks, 2005-2011 ($/Ton)
- Figure 37 Automobile And Light Truck Consumption Of Lightweight Materials, 2011 (%)
- Figure 38 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Heavy Trucks, 2005 (Percent Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 39 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Buses, 2005 (Percent Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 40 Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In The Fabrication Of Buses, 2005 (%)
- Figure 41 Trends In Worldwide Shipments Of Buses And Related Materials Consumption, 2005-2011 (Units/Million Tons)
- Figure 42 Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In The Fabrication Of Buses, 2011 (%)
- Figure 43 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Railway Equipment, 2005 (Percent Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 44 Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In The Fabrication Of Railway Equipment, 2005 (%)
- Figure 45 Trends In Worldwide Shipments Of Railway Cars, 2005-2011 (Units/Million Tons)
- Figure 46 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In The Fabrication Of Railway Equipment, 2011 (%)
- Figure 47 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial Shipbuilidng, 2005 (Percent Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 48 Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In The Commercial Shipbuilding, 2005 (%)
- Figure 49 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Commercial Shipbuilding, 2011 (%)
- Figure 50 Global Consumption Of Lightweight Materials Used In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005 (Percent Of Total Materials Used)
- Figure 51 Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2005 (%)
- Figure 52 Projected Consumption Of Lightweight Materials In Commercial And Civilian Aircraft, 2011 (%)